The Evolving Social Worker: A Collaboration of Leadership and Ethical Philosophy

1. The Evolving Social Worker: A Collaboration of Leadership and Ethical Philosophy Presenter: LCDR Anthony L. Johnson, PhD, LCSW, BCD, CCHP 2012 USPHS Scientific and Training Symposium June 2012

2. Objectives • Understand the core aspects of ethics and how ethics defines the standard for social work and mental health practice. • Discuss clinical practice within the scope of regulatory guidelines referencing ethical standards, values, principles, an avoidance of violations and ethical dilemmas, boundary assessment, and professional relationship development. • Apply insight within practice referencing the process to protect clients and the practitioners regarding confidentiality and disclosure. • Stimulate ethical practice and foster the evolution of effective leadership and human service for practitioners within the social work and mental health discipline.

3. Leadership Philosophy • “A leader is someone who demonstrates what's possible.” - Mark Yarnell • “Leaders who win the respect of others are the ones who deliver more than they promise, not the ones who promise more than they can deliver.” - Mark A. Clement (born 1955),Writer • “Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other.” - John F. Kennedy (1917-1963), 35th US President • “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.” - John Quincy Adams (1825-1829), 6th US President

4. Ethical Philosophy • “Ethics is in origin the art of recommending to others the sacrifices required for cooperation with oneself.” - Bertrand Russell (1872-1970); Philosopher, Mathematician • “A man is truly ethical only when he obeys the compulsion to help all life which he is able to assist, and shrinks from injuring anything that lives.” - Albert Schweitzer • “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do.” - Potter Stewart • “Beyond right and wrong, there is a field. I will meet you there.” - Rumi

5. Ethical Terminology • Ethics • Morality • Community Standards • Law • Relativism

6. Code Governance • National Association of Social Workers • American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy • American Psychological Associations • American Counseling Association • American Psychiatric Association

7. Coding System • Credibility • Conduct • Common Themes of Code of Ethics a. Promoting the welfare of the consumers b. Practicing within scope of one’s competence c. Doing no harm d. Protecting clients confidentiality and privacy e. Avoiding exploitation f. Upholding integrity of the profession and organization as assigned

8. Ethical Analysis • What is an Ethical Dilemma? • Cognitive Justifications • Rationalizations

9. Structure of Ethical Leadership • Protocols – Procedures for Practice • Ethics- Perspectives for Practice • Consequentialist vs. Absolutist

10. Ethical Decision Making- Five Sources of Ethical Standards • The Utilitarian Approach • The Common Good Approach • Justice or Fairness Approach • The Rights Approach • The Virtue Approach

11. Code-Based Limitations • Accountability of Ethical Leadership • Limitations Identified • Self-Inventory

12. Influential Factors of Ethical Leadership • Societal Belief Systems • Diversity Adaptation • Ethical Proclivities • Boundary Crossing/Boundary Violations • Performance Measurement

13. Clinical Relationship • Professionalism • Transference vs. Counter transference • Self-disclosure

14. Informed Care • Patient’s Rights Act • Privacy Disclosure • Informed Consent • Documentation

15. Confidentiality • Confidentiality Defined • Privilege Defined • Autonomy • Reporting

16. Ethical Adaptation of a Leader • Transition • Organizational Expansion • Integration • Implementation

17. Ethical Scenarios • Client – Autumn • Team Leader- Chris

18. Ethical Awareness • Supervision • Training • Consultation • Referral • Termination of Services • Practitioner Impairment • Approach Defined • Client Rights • Confidentiality and Privacy • Informed Consent • Boundary Issues • Conflicts of Interest • Documentation • Character Input

19. Continuation and Achievement of Effective Ethical Leadership • Training • Certifications • Research • Collaboration

20. Thank You Questions???

21. Professional Resources • Advocacy Institute: www.advocacy.com • American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy: www.aamft.org • American Counseling Association: www.counseling.org • American Psychiatric Association: www.psychiatry.org • American Psychological Associations: www.apa.org • Homeless Coalition for the Homeless: www.ari.net/hone/nch • Law and Social Policy: www.clasp.org

22. Professional Resources • Mental Retardation: www.thearc.org • Multicultural Services: www.mc-memhr.org • National Association of Social Workers: www.socialworkers.org • National Institute on Drug Abuse: www.nida.nih.gov • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: www.samhsa.gov • Suicide Crisis Intervention: www.mhsantuary.com • Welfare Information Network: www.welfareinfo.org

23. References • Adams, P. (2009). Ethics with character: Virtues and the Ethical Social Worker. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 36(3), 83-105. • American Mental Health Counselors Association. (2000). Code of ethics of the American Mental Health Counselors Association. Alexandria, VA: Author • Bryan, V. (2006). Moving from professionally specific ideals to the common morality: Essential content in social work ethics education. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 26(3/4), 1-17. • Dickson, D. T. (1998). Confidentiality and privacy in social work. New York: Free Press. • Gambrill, E., & Pruger, R. (Eds.). (1997). Controversial issues in social work: Ethics, values, and obligations. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

24. References • Hattord-Letchfield, T. (2010). A glimpse of the truth: Evaluating debate and role play as pedagogical tools for learning about sexuality issues on a law and ethics module. Social Work Education, 29(3), 244-258. • Hugman, R., Pittaway, E., & Bartolomei, L. (2011). When ‘Do no harm’ is not enough: The ethics of research with refugees and other vulnerable groups. British Journal of Social Work, 41(7), 1271-1287. • Kagle, J. D., & Giebelhausen, P. N. (1994). Dual relationships and professional boundaries. Social Work, 39, 213- 220. • Nathanson, I.L., Giffords, Elissa D., & Calderon, O. (2011). Expanding awareness: Issues in the development of an ethics scale for the social work profession. Journal of Social Work Education, 47(1), 133-149.

25. References • Neisen, J. (1993). Healing from cultural victimization: Recovery from shame due to heterosexism. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy. Haworth Press. • National Association of Social Workers. (2008). Code of ethics. Washington, DC: Author. • Pullen-Sansfacon, A. (2010). Virtue ethics for social work: A new pedagogy for practical reasoning. Social Work Education, 29(4), 402-415. • Reamer, F. G. (1998). Ethical standards in social work: A critical review of the NASW Code of Ethics. • Reamer, F.G. (1998). The evolution of social work ethics. Social Work,43(6),488-500.

26. References • Reamer, F. G. (1999). Social work values and ethics (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. • Reamer, F.G. (2000). The social work ethics audit: A risk- management strategy. Social Work, 45(4), 355-366. • Russell, K. & Keller, J.G. (2011). Ethics symposium and beyond: A model for teaching and assessing ethical competence. Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work,16(1), 47-61. • Sanders, S. & Hoffman, K. (2010). Ethics education in social work: Comparing outcomes of graduate social work students. Social Work Education, 46(1), 7-22.

27. References • Santhiveeran, J. (2009). Compliance of social work e-therapy websites to the NASW Code of Ethics. Social Work in Health Care, 48(1), 1-13. • Sherwood, D.A. (2007). Moral, believing social workers: Philosophical and theological foundations of moral obligations in social work ethics. Social Work & Christianity, 34(2), 121-145.