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Respiration

Respiration. OCR Central Concepts A2 Revision. Energy and respiration. Metabolism Total of all biochemical reactions needed for an organism to stay alive Anabolism + catabolism Energy needed to do work Synthesis Active transport Movement Maintenance of body temperature.

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Respiration

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  1. Respiration OCR Central Concepts A2 Revision

  2. Energy and respiration • Metabolism • Total of all biochemical reactions needed for an organism to stay alive • Anabolism + catabolism • Energy needed to do work • Synthesis • Active transport • Movement • Maintenance of body temperature

  3. Photosynthesis and Respiration • Energy transfer processes • Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2Oin the presence of light energyC6H12O6 + 6O2 • Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 energy is released  6CO2 + 6H2O • Most energy transferred to ATP originally derived from light energy

  4. Energy and Living Organisms • Transfer of materials and energy in an ecosystem

  5. Adenosine Triphosphate • Small water soluble molecule • Phosphorylated nucleotide • ATPADP = 30.5KJmol-1 energy • ATPase • ATPsynthase

  6. Synthesis of ATP • ATP is formed during respiration (and in photosynthesis

  7. Synthesis of ATP

  8. Mitochondria

  9. Respiration as a REDOX reaction • Reduction involves • Removal of oxygen • Addition of hydrogen • Gain of electrons • Uptake of energy • Oxidation involves • Addition of oxygen • Removal of hydrogen • Loss of electrons • Release of energy

  10. Aerobic Respiration • The transfer of chemical potential energy from organic molecules to ATP in living cells. • Glycolysis • Link reaction • Krebs cycle • Oxidative phosphorylation

  11. Glucose Glycolysis • One molecule of glucose is oxidised to two molecules of pyruvate. • Phosphorylation • Lysis • Oxidation Hexose phosphate Hexose biphosphate 2 X triose phosphate (3C) 2 X pyruvate (3C)

  12. Link Reaction • Pyruvate is • Decarboxylated • Dehydrogenated • Combined with coenzyme A (adenine, ribose, pantothenic acid) Pyruvate (3C) + coenzyme A------------------acetyl (2C) coenzyme A Carbon dioxide NAD NADred

  13. Krebs Cycle • Each cycle releases • 2CO2 • 1 FADred • 3NADred • 1 ATP

  14. Electron Transport Chain When reduced FAD is oxidised, only two molecules of ATP are formed

  15. Summary of aerobic respiration * Oxidative phosphorylation *

  16. Anaerobic Respiration • The Ethanol Pathway

  17. Anaerobic Respiration • Lactate Pathway

  18. The Cori Cycle • Rescues lactate and prevents waste of its chemical bond energy • Prevents fall in plasma pH

  19. Respiratory Substrates Substrate energy density (KJg-1) Carbohydrate 16 Lipid 39 Protein 17 • Bomb calorimeter

  20. Respiratory Quotient RQ = Volume of carbon dioxide given off Volume of oxygen taken in • Glucose = 1 • Lipids = 0.7 • Protein = 0.9

  21. Investigating Respiration • Respirometer • Effect of temperature on respiration Q10 = rate of reaction at temperature t+ 10oC rate of reaction at a temperature t

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