The Industrial Revolution: Changing Lives and Societies

1. Splash Screen

2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The Industrial Revolution Section 2:Reaction and Revolution Section 3:National Unification and Nationalism Section 4:Romanticism and Realism Visual Summary Chapter Menu

3. Chapter Intro

4. The Industrial Revolution What were some of the effects of the Industrial Revolution? Chapter Intro 1

5. The BIG Idea New TechnologiesThe Industrial Revolution changed the way people lived and worked. Section 1-Main Idea

6. A B Every nation in the world has the ability to industrialize. A. Agree B. Disagree Section 1-Polling Question

7. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain With its plentiful natural resources, workers, wealth, and markets, Great Britain became the starting place of the Industrial Revolution. Section 1

8. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • Factors in Great Britain becaming the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution: • Agricultural practices became more efficient, producing more food at lower prices. • The enclosuremovement of the eighteenth century caused many peasants to move to towns, increasing the labor supply. Section 1

9. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • The wealthy merchant class of Britain had a ready supply of capital to invest in the new industrial machines and factories. Entrepreneurs devised new business methods and ways to make profits. • Britain had plentiful natural resources, such as water, coal, and iron ore. Section 1

10. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • Britain’s vast colonial empire gave British manufacturers a ready outlet for goods. • In the eighteenth century, cotton production using the cottage industry system was made inefficient by a series of new technological advances. Industry in Great Britain by 1850 Section 1

11. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • New technological advances, such as the spinning jenny and flying shuttle, gave Britain an advantage in producing inexpensive cotton goods. • The cotton industry became more productive when Scottish engineer James Watt modified his steam engine to drive machinery. Section 1

12. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • The steam engine was crucial to Britain’s Industrial Revolution, leading to an expansion of the coal and iron industries. • Factory owners wanted to use their machinery constantly, so laborers worked in shifts and machines ran continuously. Child labor was common. Section 1

13. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • Railroads moved and manufactured goods more efficiently. • The first commercial railroad connected the cotton-manufacturing town of Manchester to the port of Liverpool. Social Changes of Industrialization Section 1

14. The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (cont.) • Railroads were a key component of the Industrial Revolution and led to ongoing economic growth. Section 1

15. A B C D Which is not a ripple effect caused by railroadexpansion? A.New jobs were created to build the railroads. B.Less expensive transportation led to lower-priced goods. C.People in rural areas could now travel to the cities to work. D.More sales meant more profit to invest in more machinery. Section 1

16. The Spread of Industrialization The pace of industrialization in Europe and the United States depended on many factors, including government policy. Section 1

17. The Spread of Industrialization (cont.) • Governments in Belgium, France, and the German states supported industrialization and provided funds to build roads, canals, and railroads. • When the Industrial Revolution spread to the United States, thousands of miles of roads and canals were built to link East and West. Section 1

18. The Spread of Industrialization (cont.) • In 1807, RobertFulton built the first paddle-wheel steamboat, improving transportation on the waterways. Eventually, railroads provided the most effective means of transportation. • As farmers and immigrants filled the cities, a labor force became available to the factory owners. • Women and children, who were paid lower wages, often worked in the factories. Section 1

19. A B C D What did Robert Fulton build? A.Steamboats B.Railroads C.Canals D.Turnpikes and roads Section 1

20. Social Impact in Europe Industrialization urbanized Europe and created new social classes, as well as the conditions for the rise of socialism. Section 1

21. Social Impact in Europe (cont.) • European cities and towns grew dramatically by 1850. Factories were built in towns and cities to take advantage of their increasing populations. • The rapid growth of cities led to overcrowding, disease, and poverty. • Industrial capitalism rose during the Industrial Revolution and produced a new middle class that built the factories, bought the machinery, and developed the markets. Section 1

22. Social Impact in Europe (cont.) • The Industrial Revolution also led to the development of an industrial working class. • The working class had little protection from factory and mine owners and faced dangerous working conditions. • Women and children made up a significant portion of the labor force due to their low wages. Section 1

23. Social Impact in Europe (cont.) • Reformers of these harsh working conditions advocated socialism and believed that public ownership of production would allow wealth to be more evenly distributed. • Utopian socialists such as Robert Owen believed that an ideal society could be created through socialism. Section 1

24. A B C D On what did the Factory Act of 1833 place limitations? A.Child labor B.Hours a person could work per day C.Minimum wage D.Socialism Section 1

25. INDUSTRIALIZATION Transformed Society • The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread throughout Europe and the United States. • New technologies improved the production and transportation of goods. • Workers migrated to cities as economies shifted from being farm-based to factory-based. • As cities grew, an industrial middle class and an industrial working class emerged. VS 1

26. IDEOLOGIES Arising From the Industrial Revolution • Harsh conditions in factories made socialism attractive. • Liberalism and nationalism threatened conservative governments, leading to the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. • Liberal reforms helped Great Britain to avoid revolution, while France, Austria, and Russia grew more authoritarian. • The Crimean War broke down the Concert of Europe, enabling nationalists to unify Germany and Italy. VS 2

27. CULTURAL MOVEMENTS Arising From the Industrial Revolution • Romanticism emphasized emotions and individuality in response to the Enlightenment’s emphasis on reason. • The Industrial Revolution heightened interest in scientific research. • Growing confidence in science undermined religious faith, leading to increased secularization. • Interest in science led to the realism movement, featuring ordinary people instead of romantic heroes. VS 3

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37. Chapter Transparencies Menu Chapter Transparency Unit Time Line Transparency Cause-and-Effect Transparency Select a transparency to view. Chapter Trans Menu

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45. enclosure movement in Great Britain during the 1700s, the Parliamentary decree that allowed fencing off of common lands, forcing many peasants to move to town Vocab1

46. capital money available for investment Vocab2

47. entrepreneur a person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits Vocab3

48. cottage industry a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes Vocab4

49. puddling process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron Vocab5

50. industrial capitalism an economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing Vocab6