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Differential areas of the cortex (generally) and visual cortex (specifically)

Differential areas of the cortex (generally) and visual cortex (specifically). A: Species difference of size between Owl monkey, macaque, Chimp and human of the neocortex. B: Surface area differences between mouse, macaque and human. General cause. Stroke Penetrating wounds

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Differential areas of the cortex (generally) and visual cortex (specifically)

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  1. Differential areas of the cortex (generally) and visual cortex (specifically) • A: Species difference of size between Owl monkey, macaque, Chimp and human of the neocortex. • B: Surface area differences between mouse, macaque and human.

  2. General cause • Stroke • Penetrating wounds • Trauma to the head • Ichemia

  3. Stroke • Break of a blood vessel in the brain from any cause. Blood is poisoness to brain tissue. Blood pools, hematoma, causes pressure on the brain and poisons the brain.

  4. Penetrating Wounds • 2nd largest category of brain injury next to idiopathic ( of unknown origin).

  5. Head Trauma • Physical trauma to the head leading to the brain being force against the skull rapidly leading to concussions.

  6. Ischemia • Transient mechanical blocking of a blood vessel leading to starvation of brain tissue.

  7. Human Brain Damage Behavior Deficit • Amnesia • Apraxia • Agnosia • Ataxia

  8. Amnesia • Two types: • Antigrade – Forgetting forward in time from the time of the accident. • Retrograde – Backward in time from the time of the accident

  9. Mainly, a problem of two areas of the brian: the anterior and middle temporal (including the hippocampus) lobe, and the prefrontal cortex.

  10. Agnosia • The term means –not to know. • Two types of visual: • Associative agnosia: person cannot name the object shown.

  11. Apperceptive Agnosia • A person who’s elementary visual perception is damaged but retains visual acuity. Thought to be involve early perception processing areas of the vision, but not the primary visual cortex.

  12. Associative Agnosia • The person recognizes the object, shows knowledge of the object through other sensory means. Must have sufficient perceptual capacity to allow one to draw the object, describe the object.

  13. Brain areas • Inferior temporal gyrus below the superior temporal sulcus.

  14. Apraxia • Inability or incapable of executing a purposeful voluntary movement, not withstanding the preservation of muscular power, sensibility and coordination.

  15. Commonly associated with parietal lesions in monkeys and man.

  16. Motor areas and temporal lobe areas involved in speech • Broca’s area: above the Sylvian fissure and just anterior (rostral) to the central fissure. • Wernicke’s area: At the end of the Sylvian fissure including the ventral parietal area and the anterior lateral occipital area

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