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The Allies win WWII. Ch. 32.4. North Africa. The Desert Fox, Erwin Rommel secured the city, Tobruk, for Germany. The Allies responded by sending Bernard Montgomery, ‘Monty’ to take control of British forces. Rommel. Monty. Battle of El Alamein.
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The Allies win WWII Ch. 32.4
North Africa • The Desert Fox, Erwin Rommel secured the city, Tobruk, for Germany. • The Allies responded by sending Bernard Montgomery, ‘Monty’ to take control of British forces.
Battle of El Alamein • On the night of October 23, more than 1,700 British guns took Axis soldiers by surprise. • By November 3, Rommel’s army had been beaten. • Rommel retreated.
Operation Torch • On November 8, more than 107,000 Allied troops landed in Morocco and Algeria. • Led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower. • Rommel’s army was caught between the two armies. • The Africa Korps was finally destroyed in May 1943.
Battle of Stalingrad • Began on August 23, 1942 • Luftwaffe went on nightly bombing raids that set much of the city ablaze and reduced the rest to rubble. • By early November 1942, Germans controlled 90% of the ruined city. • Then the Russian winter came.
No Retreat! • On November 19, Soviet troops launched a counterattack. • They closed in around Stalingrad and trapped the Germans inside. • They cut off supply lines. • Hitler refused the retreat, the city was “to be held at all costs.”
German troops surrendered to Soviets • February 2, 1942, 90,000 frostbitten, half-starved German troops surrendered to the Soviets. • 240,000 German soldiers died. • 1 million Soviet soldiers died. • While the city was defended, it was totally destroyed.
Italy • On July 10, 1943, Allied forces of 180,000 soldiers landed on Sicily and captured it from Italian and German troops in less than 1 month. • Only July 25, King Victor Emmanuel III fired Mussolini and had him arrested.
Allies seize Rome • The Germans seized control of northern Italy and put Mussolini back in charge. • The Allies took over Rome on June 4, 1944. • On September 3, Italy surrendered. • Fighting in Italy continued until after Germany fell in May 1945.
Mussolini killed • On April 28, 1945, as the Germans were retreating from northern Italy, the Italian resistance ambushed some trucks. • The resistance fighters found Mussolini disguised as a German soldier. • The following day, he was shot, and his body was hanged in the Milan town square.
Total War • In the U.S. factories converted their peacetime operations to wartime productions and made everything from machine guns to boots. • Automobile factories produced tanks. • A U.S. typewriter company made armor piercing shells. • By 1944, almost 18 million U.S. workers were working in war industries. • Many of them were women.
Meat Sugar Tires Gasoline Nylon stockings Laundry soap Speed limit was 35 miles per hour helped save on gasoline and rubber. Rations
Citizens help war effort • Moscow youngster collected enough scrap metal to produce 14,000 artillery shells. • Another Russian family used their life savings to buy a tank for the Red Army. • In the U.S. people bought government war stamps and bonds to help finance the war.
Pearl Harbor • December 7, 1941 • A date which will live in infamy! • 2400 soldiers died • 1000 wounded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv1niwxQgoY (movie scene) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vyoIpKGEw8M&NR=1&feature=fvwp (2;00)
Civil Rights Violated • Forced imprisonment of Japanese Americans living on the U.S. Pacific Coast. • In 1941, 119,000 people of Japanese ancestry lived in CA, OR, and WA. • 1/3 had been born in Japan, but most were American citizens.
Anti-Japanese feelings among politicians and residents was the force behind the decision. As a result of this pressure, on February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which resulted in the forcible internment of 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry.
More than two-thirds of those interned under the Executive Order were citizens of the United States, and none had ever shown any disloyalty. The War Relocation Authority was created to administer the assembly centers, relocation centers, and internment camps, and relocation of Japanese-Americans began in April 1942.
All people of Japanese descent living on the West Coast were ordered to detention camps in WY, UT, AZ, and other states. Because Hawaii’s Japanese population was too large to relocate, the state of HI was under martial law throughout the duration of the war.
Did you know that a Japanese Concentration Camp was located in Sacaton, AZ? It was called the Gila River Internment Camp Internment camps were scattered all over the interior West, in isolated desert areas of Arizona, California, Utah, Idaho, Colorado, and Wyoming. Japanese-Americans were forced to carry on their lives under harsh conditions. Executive Order 9066 was rescinded by President Roosevelt in 1944, and the last of the camps was closed in March, 1946.
Sue Tokushige was a young mother of 20, with a 10-day-old baby, when she was sent to a camp in Arizona with her husband. She said the government did not supply milk for her baby. Because she was unable to breastfeed, she fed her daughter only water for 10 days. She recalls with glassy eyes how a doctor told her that, for a person who seemed well-educated, she did not take good care of her baby. 'My daughter still pays for it today, health-wise, for the way our government treated us’.
Some Japanese Americans died in the camps due to inadequate medical care and the emotional stresses they encountered. Several were killed by military guards posted for allegedly resisting orders.
Children had to be educated, yet the government did not supply teachers. Instead, they looked to the camp members to fill these types of positions and paid them at extremely low wages. If you had two or more years of college you might become an "assistant teacher" who in some cases assumed a full teaching load.
