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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Chem 332 – O’Dette. Let’s start with WATER!!!!. When a water molecule splits , it forms two ions. H +. OH -. Base Part. Acid Part. Acid Base Theory. Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius in 1884 established the first theory of acids and bases

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Chem 332 – O’Dette

  2. Let’s start with WATER!!!! • When a water molecule splits, it forms two ions. H+ OH- Base Part Acid Part

  3. Acid Base Theory • Arrhenius • Svante Arrhenius in 1884 established the first theory of acids and bases • Acids have an accumulation of H+ and release H+ • Bases have an accumulation of OH- and release OH- • EX: HCl– acid NaOH – base

  4. Acid Base Theory • Bronsted-Lowry • Arrhenius theory doesn’t always work, for example NH3 would be considered an acid by Arrhenius theory but when NH3 reacts it will actually act as a base • In 1923 Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry proposed a new acid base theory

  5. Acid Base Theory • Bronsted-Lowry (continued) • Acid – proton (H+) donor • Base – proton (H+) acceptor • EX: • NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH- • NH3 causes OH- to be generated so it is considered a base and accepted a proton (H+)

  6. Strength of Acids & Bases • depends on dissociation • 100% dissociation = strong acid/base

  7. Strength of Acids & Bases • Strong Acids • Hydrochloric (HCl), Nitric (HNO3), Sulfuric (H2SO4) • Weak Acids • Citric (CH3COOH) & Carbonic (H2CO3) • Strong Bases • LiOH, NaOH, KOH • Weak Bases • Baking soda (NaHCO3) & Ammonia (NH3)

  8. pH Scale Strong Acids Weak Acids Weak Bases Strong Bases Neutral

  9. Properties of Acids & Bases • Acids – sour taste, turns litmus paper red • Bases – soapy/slippery, chalky/bitter, turns litmus blue

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