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Chapter 31.5

Chapter 31.5. Seed Dispersal- The Function of Fruits . AP Biology Spring 2011. Seed Dispersal. Winged fruits Tulip trees, American elms, maples

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Chapter 31.5

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  1. Chapter 31.5 Seed Dispersal- The Function of Fruits AP Biology Spring 2011

  2. Seed Dispersal • Winged fruits • Tulip trees, American elms, maples • Moves seeds far enough away so that the embryo sporophytes inside seeds will not have to compete with the parent plant for water, minerals, and sunlight

  3. Seed Dispersal • Tiny, lightweight with parachute: • Parachute: outward pluming “parachute” • Dandelions, thistles, cattails, milkweed • Winds transport seeds away from parent plant • Impatiens capensis: sends off seeds when fruit capsule pope open explosively, propelling small seeds inside away from parent plant

  4. Seed Dispersal • Fleshy fruits or nuts: • Travel to new location on or in animals • Seed coat surrounding the embryo sporophyte survives digestive enzymes • Enzymes help digest some of seed coat • Makes it easier for seed to break through

  5. Seed Dispersal • Hooks, spines, hairs, sticky surfaces • Can adhere to feathers, feet, or fur • Cockleberry, bur clover, bedstraw

  6. Seed Dispersal • Water dispersed seeds: • Heavy wax coats • Sacs of air that help them float • Sedge fruits, coconut

  7. Seed Dispersal Humans! Explores transport seeds Most places now control imports Cacao, oranges, corn

  8. Chapter 31.6 Why So Many Seeds and So Few Fruits?

  9. Why produce so many flowers? Giant saguaro produces about one hundred flowers but only about 30 or so will set fruit? Why? Designated as pollen exporters Some not receiving enough pollen

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