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EDUCATING THE UNREACHED. SELECTED CASES IN THAILAND Dr. Prapatpong Senarith. SELECTED CASES. Education for the disabled Education for the disadvantaged Opportunity for street children Reaching out for the stateless children Education for the migrants. LEGAL MANDATES.
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EDUCATING THE UNREACHED SELECTED CASES IN THAILAND Dr. Prapatpong Senarith
SELECTED CASES • Education for the disabled • Education for the disadvantaged • Opportunity for street children • Reaching out for the stateless children • Education for the migrants
LEGAL MANDATES • National Education Act 1999 mandates “equal rights and opportunities for all to receive quality basic education free of charge.” • UNESCO’s Education for All Commitment • UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989.
EDUCATION FOR THE DISABLED • Enacted the Promotion of Education for People with Disabilities Act 2008 • The disabled have right to education free of charge since birth or first detection of disabilities • Choose school and type of services of their choice • Promotion of inclusive education • Encourage development of individualized education plans (IEP) for the disabled • Promote research in education for the disabled • Set up permanent Committee—chaired by MOE’s Minister • Set up promoting funds
EXPANSION/REVISION OF EXISTING PROGRAMS • To cover more target groups • To improve relevancy and efficiency • Examples: • Inclusive education • Incentive for teachers • Program management templates/guidelines • Etc.
EDUCATION FOR DISADVANTAGES • COVERAGE • Abandoned and Neglected • Physically or Sexually Abused • Learning Deficiencies • Socially Deprived • HIV/AIDS Affected • NATIONAL POLICY: Disadvantaged children are entitled to equitable/universal access to education through a variety of suitable models • STRATEGIES: Flexible, Innovative, IEP, Capacity building
EDUCATION FOR STREET CHILDREN • Mercy School System—NGO • Objectives • Educate illiterate street children/love of learning; support bright poor children to higher levels of education • Curriculum/Activities • Individualized instruction, English-based, accelerated Enrollment -- Ages 10-17: currently 17 students -- Exceptionally bright and motivated poor children, currently enrolled in secondary schools who have potential to excel at university level: currently 5 students
STATELESS CHILDREN • Stateless normally includes those living along border, ethnic minorities, asylum seekers, illegal migrants, foreign workers, but no official identification of nationality • No complete and accurate data available • In 2006 there were 44,590 registered students, and 26,949 (60%) received ID Cards • Many government agencies, NGOs, private sector involved
GUIDELENES FOR EDUCATION • National policy approved by the Cabinet in 2005 to provide equal opportunity to get access to education for stateless children • MOE announced related Ministerial rules in 2005 • In 2007, MOE has developed guidelines for schools in providing education for the stateless • There are, at least, 12 government agencies and NGOs involve
EDUCATION FOR MIGRANT CHILDREN • Government policy • Encourage school, community, NGOs • Mode of provision • Schools • Community learning centers • NGOs and private provision • Some research findings • Key factors: Thai nationality policy, community, educational policy, teacher motivation and attitude