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Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Plants

Explore plant evolution, structure, transport, reproduction, and responses in this comprehensive guide. Learn about vascular vs. non-vascular plants, monocots vs. dicots, and the role of hormones and adaptations. Discover how plants thrive in diverse environments and contribute to global ecosystems.

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Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Plants

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  1. Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Plants Chapters 36-42

  2. Land Plant Evolved From Freshwater Algae • Vascular vs Non Vascular • Angiosperms vs Gymnosperms

  3. Generalized Plant Life Cycle

  4. Plant Body Organization • Roots and Shoots • Dermal, Ground, and vascular tissue • Meristems • Apical and Lateral

  5. Plant Tissues • Dermal- protective layer that forms the epidermis • Guard Cells- protect Stoma • Trichomes • Root Hairs

  6. Ground Tissue • 3 Main Types • Parenchyma • Collenchyma • Sclerenchyma

  7. Vascular Tissue • Xylem • Pulls water up via transpiration • Phloem • Sieve cells

  8. Leaves • Where Photosynthetic organs are • Internal Leaf Structure regulates gas exchange and evaporation • Stoma

  9. Plant Embryo • 1. Egg cell is fertilized by 2 sperm • One becomes the endosperm other the zygote • 2. Embryogenesis begins • 3. Germination Begins

  10. Monocots vs Eudicots (Dicots) • Cotyledons are seed leafs • Monocots • Embryos have one cotyledon • Floral parts occur in threes • Leaves are parallel veined • Dicots • Embryos have 2 cotyledons • Floral parts occur in fours or fives • Net like veins in leaves.

  11. Transport in Plants • Why does water move? • Transpiration • Water potential • What is turgur pressure? • Where does water move?

  12. Rate of Transpiration • What effects rate? • What about CAM plants?

  13. Stomata

  14. Plant Adaptations • Drought • Flooding • Aerenchyma • High Salt Concentrations

  15. Phloem Transport • Translocation • Can be transported in both directions • Movement is dependant on turgor pressure

  16. Carbon-Nitrogen Balance and Global Change • Increased Co2= Increased photosynthesis and plant growth which = decreased levels of protein and minerals in plant tissue which = increased herbivory and decreased human nutrition.

  17. Phytoremediation

  18. Plant Defenses • Physical Defenses • Dermal Tissue • Toxins • Manihotoxin • Genestein • Taxol • Quinine • Morphine

  19. Responses to light • Photomorphogenesis vs Phototropisms • Controlled by Phytochromes • Pr vs Pfr • Seed germination • Shoot elongation

  20. Light affects directional growth • Positive phototropisms in stems • Blue light

  21. Gravitropism • Stems bend away from gravity • Cells in the lower side grow more than in the upper side causing them to bend against gravity

  22. Thigmotropism Thigmotropisms vs Reversible responses due to turgor pressure

  23. Responses to Water and Temperature • Dormancy • Abcission

  24. Hormones to know • Auxin • Cytokinins • Gibberellins • Brassinosteroids • Oligosaccharins • Ethylene • Abscisic Acid

  25. Plant Reproduction

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