Case Study of the ArcGIS Marine Data Model: Examining Habitat Utilization Patterns of Reef Fish Along the West Coast of

1. Case Study of the ArcGIS Marine Data Model: Examining Habitat Utilization Patterns of Reef Fish Along the West Coast of Hawaii Alyssa Aaby, OSU Dawn Wright, OSU Brian Tissot, WSU ESRI UC 2004 Photos from www.fishbase.org

2. Outline • Background • Part 1: The ArcGIS Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

3. Marine Resource Management • Marine resources are at risk (eg. Leslie et al., 2003, Mumby et al., 2001, Puniwai et al., 2003) • Growing interest in Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) • Management tool • Effective both ecologically and economically (eg. Carr et al., 2003, Friedlander and Brown, 2003, Tissot et al., 2004)

4. Marine Resource Management • How can we make MPAs as effective as possible? • Identify areas with patterns of high habitat utilization

5. Two Main Questions • Question 1: What is the habitat utilization of specific fish species at a coarse-scale?

6. Two Main Questions • Question 1: What is the habitat utilization of specific fish species at a coarse-scale? • To answer question, use ArcGIS MDM

7. Two Main Questions • Question 1: What is the habitat utilization of specific fish species at a coarse-scale? • To answer question, use ArcGIS MDM • Use real data to test model itself

8. Two Main Questions • Question 1: What is the habitat utilization of specific fish species at a coarse-scale? • To answer question, use ArcGIS MDM • Use real data to test model itself • Question 2: How well does the MDM meet the needs of the marine GIS community?

9. Conceptualizing the MDM • Building industry-specific data models for ArcGIS • In 2001, researchers decided to create a model specifically for the marine community • The ArcGIS Marine Data Model

10. What is the MDM? • A geodatabase template • A new way to spatially model marine data • A database used to assemble, store and query data • Model that captures the behavior of real-world objects

11. Why use the MDM? • Standardized template • Implement project • Organize data • GIS and data management • Easy to share • Build upon • Querying ability • Object orientation

12. Outline • Background • Part 1: The Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

13. Testing the ArcGIS Marine Data Model: 3 Goals Case study tested 3 goals (Wright et al, 2002): Goal 1: Assembling, managing, and querying in ArcGIS Goal 2: Provide a template Goal 3: Improve the understanding of geodatabase models

14. Outline • Background • Part 1: The Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

15. Methodology • Goals 1 and 2: • Data Gathered • Formatting • Importing • Querying • Goal 3 • Tutorial created

16. Data Gathered • West Hawaii Aquarium Project (WHAP) (Tissot et al., 2004) • Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) (Brown et al., 2004) • State of Hawaii’s Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) (DAR, 2004) • Saving Maui’s Reefs project (Brown, 1998) • Individual peer-reviewed journal articles • Date, sites, method, frequency, info

17. Formatting: Getting Data into the MDM Formatting data to fit MDM template Portion of MDM MS Access http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/diag.html

18. Can add new fields Importing: Personalizing the MDM • Adding fields to the feature classes, tables • Adding new tables and relationships • Attention to detail required • Worth it in the end!

19. Database Set Up

21. Querying

22. Goal 3: Improve Understanding of Geodatabase Model • Benefits of MDM • The MDM Tutorial • Response

23. Outline • Background • Part 1: The Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

24. Results: Goals

25. Outline • Background • Part 1: The Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

26. Habitat Utilization • What is the habitat utilization pattern of selected fish species at a coarse-scale? • Can fine-scale substrate info be correlated to coarse-scale habitat info? • Does depth play a role in the location of coarse-scale habitat types?

27. Outline • Background • Part 1: The Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

28. Done with the MDM

29. Fish Analysis done with MDM • Select WHAP data • Determined site location in each habitat type and zone

30. Sites classified by Habitat and Zone Zone: All sites with data were located in the shelf zone, with the exception of Puako which was located in the fore-reef zone.

31. Querying to Determine Fish Location

32. Logistic Regression Analysis

33. Can fine-scale substrate info be correlated to coarse-scale habitat info?

34. Substrate Results

35. Does depth play a role in the location of coarse-scale habitat types? • Mean depth for RCB habitat type is 37 +/- 3.65ft • Mean depth for RA habitat type is 41.71 +/- 5.77ft

36. Does depth play a role in the location of coarse-scale habitat types? • P=0.088 • Trend indicates that RA habitat occur deeper than RCB

37. Outline • Background • Part 1: The Marine Data Model (MDM) • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Part 2: Habitat Analysis • Research Questions • Methods • Results • Discussion and Conclusion

38. Discussion: Habitat Analysis Future research: Tie fine-scale substrate info be tied to specific fish? 1. How do specific fish utilize coarse-scale habitats? A: Inconclusive A. WHAP Fish Info B. Coarse-scale NOAA habitat info Regional Habitat Utilization Patterns? C. Fine-scale WHAP substrate info 3. Does depth play a role in the location of RA and RCB habitat types? A: Strong trend, p=.088 2. Can fine-scale substrate info be correlated to coarse-scale habitat types? A: Yes, PC (p<.05) in RA and a strong trend with PL (p=.059) in RBC

39. Conclusions: Management • Use information from this study to evaluate current protected areas • For example: • RA habitat shows trends toward being located deeper • P. compressa is found significantly more often in RA habitat • P. compressa provides and important habitat for yellow tang (Tissot et al., 2003, Dollar, 1982) • Thus, to protect the yellow tang, must have protected areas that extend into deeper waters • Consistent with study that MPA encompassing range to depth values shown to be more efficient for yellow tang (Tissot et al, 2004)

40. Discussion • Through habitat analysis: • Goal 1: Met • Goal 2: Met • Goal 3: Met

41. Discussion: Ideal User? MDM is tailored to a specific user: • Data • Amount • Variety • Time • Cost • Experience of user • Experienced GIS—use object-orientation • Inexperienced—use template

42. Conclusions • The MDM is a powerful tool • Information to aid managers evaluate the West Coast MPAs • Future research • Data to HNHP

43. Thanks to: • All the Rogues in Davy Jones • The Hawaii Natural Heritage Program • DAR, WHAP, CRAMP, and Saving Maui’s Reefs for letting me use their data

44. Questions? • For more information on the marine data model go to: http://dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/

47. Habitat Utilization Analysis • What is the habitat utilization pattern of selected fish species at a coarse-scale? (A) WHAP Fish Info Regional Habitat Utilization Patterns? (C) fine-scale WHAP substrate info (B) coarse-scale NOAA habitat info 2. Can fine-scale substrate information be correlated to coarse-scale habitat types? 3. Does depth play a role in the classification of RA and RCB habitat types?

48. The 13 reef fish analyzed All photos from www.fishbase.org

49. Statistical Analysis • Porites compressa (finger coral) P=.004 • Significantly more abundant in RA relative to RCB • Porites lobata (lobe coral) p=.059 • Shows strong trends toward being found in RCB relative to RA

50. What is the habitat utilization pattern of selected fish species at a coarse-scale? • fine vs. coarse-scale habitat information • Importance • Habitat utilization • Management ? www.fishbase.org