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IONS and ISOTOPES

IONS and ISOTOPES. What are ions?. An atom is neutral . It has neither a positive nor a negative charge. In order for an atom to be neutral, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons . The positive and negative charges cancel

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IONS and ISOTOPES

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  1. IONS and ISOTOPES

  2. What are ions? An atom is neutral. It has neither a positive nor a negative charge. In order for an atom to be neutral, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons. The positive and negative charges cancel each other.If an atom does not have the same number of protons and electrons, an ion is formed. Whenan atom loses or gains one or more electrons, it acquires a net electrical charge and it is called an ion.

  3. EXAMPLE A neutral magnesium (Mg) atom has 12 protons and 12 electrons. If the magnesium atom loses 2 electrons, it will have a net electrical charge of 2. To find net charge of an ion, subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons. Number of protons = 12 - Number of electrons = 10 +2 A magnesium ion is represented as Mg+2.

  4. EXAMPLE 1: 1. Sodium (Na) atoms have ____ protons and ____electrons with a net charge of ______.   (+11 – 11 = 0) 2. If the Sodium ion has only 10 electrons, what is the net charge of the ion? ________. (+11 -10 = +1) 3. What is the chemical symbol for this ion? ______________

  5. EXAMPLE 2: 1. Beryllium (Be) atoms have ____ protons and ____electrons with a net charge of ____. (+4 – 4 = 0) 2. If the Beryllium ion has only 2 electrons, what is the net charge of the ion? ______. (+4 -2 = +2) 3. What is the chemical symbol for this ion? ______________

  6. What are Isotopes? All atoms of an element have the same atomic number and the same number of protons. However, atoms do not necessarily have the same number of neutrons. Atoms with the same number of electrons and protons, but different numbers of neutrons, are called isotopes. Different isotopes belong to the same element because they have the same number of electrons, which means that they all behave almost the same in chemical reactions.

  7. Hydrogen – 1 Protons = 1 Electrons = 1 Neutrons = 0 Hydrogen – 2 Protons = 1 Electrons = 1 Neutrons = 1 Hydrogen – 3 Protons = 1 Electrons = 1 Neutrons = 2 Isotopes of Hydrogen

  8. Complete Nuclear Symbols Isotopes should be written using the complete nuclear symbol or by using a hyphen symbol. A charge should be indicated if the atom is not neutral. EXAMPLE: (hyphen symbol) Chlorine - 37 mass number Complete nuclear symbol mass number 37 for an element is Cl +2 element symbol and charge written like this atomic number 17

  9. Practice Problems • List out the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of 207 Pb 82

  10. List out the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons of 55 Mn +2 25

  11. Atoms of a certain isotope have 73 neutrons and a mass of 123.  a. What is the atomic number? b. How many electrons are there? c. What is the name of the element? d. Write the chemical symbol for this isotope.

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