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Reaction Rates

Reaction Rates. What does rate mean?. measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time time can range from microseconds (explosions) to centuries (plants to coal) in chemistry…reaction rate is usually expressed as the amount of the reactant changes per unit time

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Reaction Rates

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  1. Reaction Rates

  2. What does rate mean? • measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time • time can range from microseconds (explosions) to centuries (plants to coal) • in chemistry…reaction rate is usually expressed as the amount of the reactant changes per unit time • 3 moles/year • 5 grams/second

  3. http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/collis11.swfhttp://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/collis11.swf Collision Theory • only a small fraction of collisions produce a chemical reation • “effective collisions” have enough kinetic energy and the collide at the correct angle • need enough KE to • assemble new compounds • break the bonds of existing compounds

  4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VbIaK6PLrRM Activation Energy • minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order to react • an activated complex is an unstable compound that forms momentarily at the peak of the “barrier” • typically about 10-13 seconds • both reactants reform and new products form • also referred to as the transition state

  5. Activation Energy

  6. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate • temperature • increasing temp. increases the frequency of collisions AND the KE necessary to overcome the activation energy barrier The rate of a chemical reaction depends on: http://www.absorblearning.com/media/item.action;jsessionid=42FA5DD70632A65FCDF283D4A8A8688E?quick=w2

  7. http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=vy&att=2290http://www.absorblearning.com/media/attachment.action?quick=vy&att=2290 • concentration • increasing the number of particles in a given volume increases the rate a which reactions occur

  8. http://www.absorblearning.com/media/item.action;jsessionid=7ED974B68776F95D4EAE0585F73F61B7?quick=vwhttp://www.absorblearning.com/media/item.action;jsessionid=7ED974B68776F95D4EAE0585F73F61B7?quick=vw • particle size • surface area affects the reaction rate • smaller particles have a greater ratio of surface area (x2) to volume (x3) • this increases the amount of reactant exposed for reactions An iron bar is held in a flame and nothing happens. Iron powder is then blown into the flame and ignites

  9. presence of a catalyst • a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up during the reaction

  10. inibitors interfere with the action of the catalyst

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