Chapter 17 Review BINGO!

1. Chapter 17 Review BINGO! As each answer is revealed, mark your Bingo card with an X if you have the term. Five X’s in a row and your have BINGO = Bonus points!

2. Grew up a commoner in a small village in Italy, self educated, painted The Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, and invented many new devices (the glider). Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo was one of the greatest artist of his day but he died having left many unfinished projects – seize the day – never put off until to tomorrow what you can accomplish today for tomorrow you may run out of time!

3. Painted The School of Athens Raphael Rapael’s work in The School of Athens shows the influence of the classics as the artist portrays classical Greek and Roman architectural styles, perspective, and subjects like the great Greek philosophers – Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

4. Painted commoners like in The Peasant Wedding & the Peasant Dance. Pieter Bruegel Bruegel’s work gives us a window into the everyday life of ordinary people in the Renaissance.

5. Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome, created a statue of David (the biblical hero). Michelangelo Michelangelo was famous for his ability to show emotion in his art, specifically his sculpture of Mary holding the body of Jesus.

6. King of England who started out a “defender of the Catholic Faith” but after being refused a divorce by the Pope, he broke away from the Church and started the Church of England. Henry VIII When Henry VIII became the head of the Church of England – he commandeered church property in England – 20% of all England land – become a possession of the Crown. This may have been even more of a temptation for Henry than the need to get a divorce to have a mail heir.

7. Italian Merchant who controlled the city of Florence (Italy) with his money. Cosimo de Medici Florence was officially a Republic like the US, but from Cosimo’s perspective why run for election when you could loose! He could control the politicians with his money – like many lobbyists try to do today – some successfully)

8. French King who expanded and centralized his power by invading Milan in 1499. Louis XII Louis was the French King who challenged the Duke of Milan in the Film Leonardo: The Dream of Flight. This caused Leonardo to have to leave Italy, helping spread Renaissance ideas north.

9. A German Monk who was the first to openly challenge the Catholic Church to reform in 1517 Martin Luther Luther’s 95 Theses or debating points were copied down and taken to a printing press. Within a few days his ideas went Viral and the Reformation had begun.

10. Settled the War between the HRE and the Protestants in 1555. The Peace of Augsburg The Princes agreed that each Prince could decide for themselves the religion of their state - whether to remain Catholic or become Protestant.

11. A meeting of Catholic Bishops & Cardinals to discuss a response to Martin Luther’s 95 Theses and propose reforms. Council of Trent Started in 1545 and lasted until 1563, this council said that Indulgences could be sold, that the church had the final say on what the Bible means, and that people needed both faith and good works to be saved.

12. Founder of Calvinism – a protestant religion that believes in predestination and the elect. John Calvin Predestination is the idea that God already knows who is going to heaven, the elect are the chosen ones – favored to go to heaven. Author of The Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536.

13. Invented by Johann Gutenberg in 1452 Printing Press First full size book to Print: Gutenberg Bible in 1455. The Effect: an affordable Bible that middleclass people could buy = read the bible = The Reformation.

14. Scottish Preacher who brought Calvinism to Scotland created the Presbyterian Church. John Knox A Scottish preacher who Traveled to Geneva (Switzerland) and learned Calvinism in 1559 – then returned to Scotland where he started the Presbyterian Church. Nobles in Scotland made Calvinism the official church of Scotland in the 1560s (king was weak).

15. Wrote The Prince – famous for “The End justifies the means”. Machiavelli Machiavelli’s Book The Prince is famous and its theories still used today as a political Guidebook on how to rule/govern.

16. Author of The Praise Folly which criticized the society of his time. Desiderius Erasmus As a Christian Humanist he believed in a Christianity of the heart, not one of ceremonies and rituals. He wanted all Christians to read the bible (get educated).

17. Wrote Utopia, a book that criticized society by describing the ideal place to live. Thomas More Thomas More also advocated for universal public education and was a chief advisor to Henry VIII, he was executed for reprimanding the king about his marriages and passing the Act of Supremacy.

18. A person who buys art is a … of the arts Patron You can’t draw a picture and eat it! For artists to be able to make a living they need a wealthy class of people who were willing to pay for art (the Rulers, Church, Merchant classes of the Renaissance).

19. A rebirth in learning and the arts. Renaissance The Renaissance began in Italy due to increased trade. Trade = $$ and $$ means you can BUY ART! Italian merchants were fabulously wealthy and controled their city-states – they became PATRONS of the arts.

20. A philosophy about HUMAN POTENTIAL. Humanism BONUS: Which famous Italian poet is credited with the start of Renaissance Humanism?

21. A Renaissance “breakthrough” in which a picture is given certain 3D effects. Perspective The “3D” art of the Renaissance had realistic dimensions (geometric proportions) and a vanishing point (horizon).

22. A Book written by Desiderius Erasmus which criticized society in an attempt to make it better. The Praise of Folly Erasmus was a Christian Humanist who inspired many of his day and even today to work for the good of mankind.

23. Refers to the influence of Ancient Greece and Rome. The Classics Greece (Athens) and Rome (The Republic) greatly influenced Renaissance Humanism with the idea of Meritocracy – earning your place (not inheriting it), The Arts (Painting Frescos, sculpture), Literature & Drama, and Architecture.

24. Martin Luther’s debating points aobut what the Catholic Church needed to fix. The 95 Theses The 95 Theses included NOT selling indulgences, that all one needed was FAITH to get to heaven (no formal Church was necessary), that all Christians are equal in faith, personal interpretation of the Bible and Religious Freedom for all Christians!

25. A person during the Renaissance that could do a variety of things well. A Renaissance Man A Renaissance man was expected to be educated, able to write poetry, paint, ride a horse and use a sword!

26. A movement for religious reform in Europe starting in 1517. The Reformation The Reformation would cause the creation of many Protestant Christian Churches and the division of Europe between Protestant and Roman Catholic.

27. This subject was a favorite of Renaissance Humanists because it symbolized the rise from common status to achieve greatness. The Statue of David

28. Famous English writer of The Elizabethan Age. William Shakespeare Wrote many plays including tragedies like Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, and comedies like A Midsummer Night’s Dream and The Taming of the Shrew. Important b/c his work shows a deep understanding of human beings

29. The place between heaven and hell Purgatory A Christian belief in a place between heaven and hell where sinners had to Pay for their sins before going to heaven.

30. The father of Renaissance Humanism. Petrarch An Italian Poet who idolized the Classical works of ancient Greece and Rome and pioneered their rediscovery and the start of the philosophy of humanism (human potential).

31. A German artist who did engravings of the 4 horsemen of the apocalypse. Albrect Durer Durer’s work is characterized by a blending of Classical influences (ancient Greece & Roman myths) with Christian themes.

32. Passed by the English Parliament in 1534, this made the English Monarch (Henry VIII) the head of the Church of England. The Act of Supremacy The Church of England – was eventually made the Anglican Church by Queen Elizabeth I.

33. Painter who was the first to use oil paints. Jan van Eyck Writing in the vernacular was attractive because you didn’t need to know Latin – which was the language all books (including the Bible) were written in before the 14th century.

34. A name which originated out of the “Protesting Princes” who fought the Holy Roman Emperor .. Protestant Protestants are branches of Christianity that rise out of the Reformation in Western Europe in the 16th century who DO NOT recognize the authority of the Pope. • Ex: Lutheran, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist. .

35. A book by Sir Thomas Moore, an Englishman, in which he describes a “perfect society”. Utopia BONUS: Was does Utopia mean in Greek?

36. Famous English theater where the plays of Shakespeare and other writers were performed. The Globe Theater For the first time, actors were gaining more respect for their profession, women actresses also. For most of history Actors & Actresses had very low/little status as performers.

37. Named for Queen Elizabeth I, who ruled England from 1558 -1603. Elizabethan Age A time of great artistic achievement. Queen Elizabeth was a patron of the arts.

38. French Calvinists – persecuted by the Catholic Majority. Huguenot

39. To take back what you said.. Recant Historical Context: Martin Luther was put on trial for heresy (teachings that went against the Church) and told to RECANT or “take back” his criticisms of the Church – Luther refuses & the Christian World would never be the same! Protestantism begins – the unity of the Christian Church is broken – Europe will be plunged into religious Civil War. .

40. The “selling” of forgiveness or a “ticket” to heaven. Indulgence The selling of Indulgences by the Catholic Church was one of the main points of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses. Luther say indulgences as evidence of the corruption of the Church and an abuse of power.

41. Daughter of Henry VIII.Came to power in 1558 and ruled until her death in 1603. Elizabeth I Great sponsor of the arts (Shakespeare & the Globe Theatre) Famous for her defense of England during war with Philip II of Spain who promised to destroy England for being Protestant and sending The Spanish Armada to the bottom of the English Channel.

42. Calvinist belief that God has known since the beginning of time who is saved (bound for heaven) and who is not (destined for hell). Predestination God already knows who is saved and who is not, the few who are saved are called “the Elect.”

43. A religious court originally started to rid Spain of any heretics (people who did not believe in Catholic Christianity). Inquisition The Inquisition was used to exile any remaining Muslims or Jews from the Iberian Peninsula after the Reconquista succeeded in 1492.

44. The Catholic Church recognized the need for reform and made some Changes at the Council of Trent Catholic Reformation Started by Pope Paul III and continued by Pope Paul IV, reforms such as declaring the Bible and Church had equal authority.

45. Catholic reformer who started the Jesuit Order Ignatius of Loyola The Jesuits would travel the world and set up schools for education and teaching about Christianity.