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Q. What are energy and matter transformation mechanisms?

Explore the basic structure of energy flow in ecosystems, the limitations of food chains, information transfer in organisms, and the dynamic relationship between life and the environment. Understand the impacts of human activity and the Earth's regulatory characteristics. Discover control mechanisms such as feedback control and redundancy in functional components. Investigate the Gaia Hypothesis and the complex relationships between organisms and the environment.

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Q. What are energy and matter transformation mechanisms?

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  1. Q. What are energy and matter transformation mechanisms? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  2. What is the basic structure of energy flow in an ecosystem? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  3. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  4. What limit the length of food chains? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  5. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  6. All lifes on the earth depend on the transfers of energy and matters. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  7. Does this dictum apply to human? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  8. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001) Information transfer

  9. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001) What is the information transfer in organisms? What are the information transfers in human?

  10. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  11. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  12. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  13. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  14. Dynamic of life and environment • There were 3 phases of lifes in relation to the environment and time scale. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  15. Phase 1: Chemical evolution (~4.6 billion years) BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  16. Part 1 Formation of the Earth and its early crust and atmospherePart 2 Evolution of the non-living biological molecules necessary for life-DNA, RNA, proteins and carbohydrates BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  17. Part 3 Evolution of systems of chemical reactions needed for linking these biopolymers in ways to produce the first living cells. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  18. Phase 2: Biological evolution (~3.6-3.8 billion years)- Development of diverse species through genetics modification and natural selection of the Earth primitive cells and the organisms that followed. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  19. Phase 3: Diversification of life forms (~600 million years) BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  20. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  21. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  22. What is the future? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  23. Q. Why does the Earth is the suitable place for the origin and evolution of life? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  24. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  25. A. 1. Life, as the form on the Earth, cannot survive without water. 2. Distance and movement of the Earth around the sun is the optimal: 2.1 if too close, water will be in the vapor form, e.g. Mercury 2.2 if too far, water will be in the ice form, e.g. Mar 3. Movement around its exist, make temperature on both sides of the earth uniform. 4. With the appropriate size, gravity can maintain the atmosphere which are suitable for life. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  26. Q. What is the basic problem facing life of the Earth? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  27. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  28. Q. What are the impacts? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  29. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  30. A. 1. Organismic level 2. Population level 3. Community-ecosystem level BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  31. Does life posses regulatory characteristics? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  32. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  33. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  34. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  35. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  36. What are control mechanisms? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  37. 1. Feedback control1.1 Negative feedback control 1.2 Positive feedback control BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  38. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  39. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  40. 2. Congeneric homotaxis or redundancy in functional components BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  41. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  42. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  43. Does the Earth posses control mechanism? BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  44. Conclusion1. The Earth’s atmosphere did not just develop by chance.2. Organisms from the very beginning played the major role in development and control of geochemical environment favorable to themselves.3. The Earth is not just a ‘habitat’ for organisms, but the Earth seems to be a ‘biosystem’. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  45. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  46. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001) Gaia Hypothesis (Lovelock, 1979) “Organisms, especially microorganisms, have evolved with the physical environment to provide an intricate control system that keep Earth’s conditions favorable for life”

  47. Problem1. It is unlikely to be proved or disproved.2. If there is a control mechanism, it must be highly complex.Ex: Bacteria species ~3,000 species Probable relationships=(n)(n-1)/2 =3000*2999/2 =4,498,500 BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  48. 3. If more species involve, the relationships will be exponential.4. Even with impressive progress in ecology, we still have limited understanding of interactions between the biotic components and environment. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  49. 5. Biotic diversity is highly decreasing. 1 species/day - 1 species/hour between 1970-2000, or 500,000-600,000 species by 2000 BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

  50. BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)

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