Education in Sub Saharan Africa

1. Education in Sub Saharan Africa Alexis Neitzey LBST 2102: Intercultural & Global Connections April 2013

2. Fast Facts: • Developments • Universities established • Reforms • Structure of Education System • Debt relief increase • Enrollment Increase • from 56% in 1999 to 70% in 2006 • 34 million children • Challenges • Tertiary Education • Developing Africa (foundation) • Support from World Bank • Analytical Work • Lending • Strategic Learning • Universal Primary Education • Fast Track Initiative • Primary Education Development Program

3. Developments • Universities Established • Firsts established in colonial period (1920-1960) • Role of universities • Independence • Socio-economic development • Most created after 1960 • Reforms • Widening of access • Inclusion of new fields • World Bank: school improvement • Relevance to African needs • Quality and efficiency • (not implemented well) • Structure of Education System • Organized at primary, secondary, technical/vocational, and university-levels • Similar in length of studies at all levels

4. Further Developments Debt Relief Enrollment Increase Primary schools increase from 56% in 1999 to 70% in 2006 Increase of 34 million children between 1999 and 2006 Due to development assistance and debt relief • Many governments directs savings to education • Mali: almost half of savings for education • Nigeria: hired 40,000 teachers • Kenya & Tanzania: abolition of school fees  more students

5. Challenges • Africa has lowest enrollment rate in the world for higher education • Less accessible to disadvantaged groups and women • Limited resource allocation • 80% of budgets go for salaries and student grants • Overcrowded campuses • Old curriculum and books • Poor teaching methods • Limited skillful faculty • Inefficient assurance agents and research infrastructure • High unemployment for graduates • Limited published academic papers

6. Tertiary Education • Foundation for sustainable economy • World Bank support is fit to country’s specific needs • Analytical Work • Country Status Reports: change in enrollment and participation, financing and sustainability, unit costs and efficiency, and equity. • Lending • Ethiopia: Post-Secondary Education Project • Mauritania: Higher Education Project • Uganda:Millennium Science Initiative • Mozambique: Higher Education Project • Strategic Learning • Conferences, forums, workshops, partnerships, and organizations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJ8LxHWvAoE

8. Universal Primary Education • Fast Track Initiative • “partnership between donor countries and developing countries to accelerate progress towards achieving universal primary education” • Technical knowledge and funding • Has been very successful in student enrollment • Policies implemented to ensure free universal primary education • “Rising primary enrollment and completion rates have led to free universal secondary education”

9. Works Cited • http://www.nokut.no/Documents/NOKUT/Artikkelbibliotek/Konferanser/SU%20konferanser/Seminarer/Fagsem_08/Teklu%20Abate%20Bekele.pdf • http://www.one.org/c/us/progressreport/776/ • http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTAFRREGTOPEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:21678040~menuPK:4762592~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:444708,00.html • All images from Google images under keywords “Education in Sub Saharan Africa”