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East Asian: PHILOSOPHIES & BELIEF SYSTEMS

Explore the influence of Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, Buddhism, and Shintoism on East Asian society. Learn about their philosophies, key figures, and impacts on history, politics, and economics.

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East Asian: PHILOSOPHIES & BELIEF SYSTEMS

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  1. East Asian:PHILOSOPHIES & BELIEF SYSTEMS Confucianism Daoism [ Taoism ] Legalism Buddhism Shintoism

  2. BELIEF SYSTEMS: ….. • DESCRIBE • IMPACT: How does it affect?- Way people LIVE - History & Politics - Economics

  3. BELIEF SYSTEMS: Confucianism - everyone has a place & duty in society - this “should” lead to an “orderly” society • Analects = Confucius • Mandate of Heaven • Filial Piety • Ancestor Veneration • Examination System

  4. The EMPEROR … is at the top

  5. BELIEF SYSTEMS: Confucianism • IMPACT:Influenced Chinese government- Dynasties (Qing / Manchu)- Communists (Mao Zedong)

  6. Philosophy --------------- ---------------- China --------------- ConfuciusKung – fu tzu Circa 500 BC

  7. ---------------- • The Analects • Emperor • eldest male • Everywhere • Everyday • --------------------

  8. ----------------

  9. Everyone has a place& role in society • Mandate of Heaven- power to rule comes from God- emperor MUST setthe good exampleor else the peoplewill overthrow him • 5 relationships • Ruler – subjects • Father – son • Brother – brother • Husband – wife • Friend – friend • Filial piety • Ancestor veneration • + orderly society

  10. Patriarchal society • Eldest male has the say • Civil Service ExaminationSystem • Job based on WHAT you knowNOT WHO you know • 1911 end of the Manchu/QingDynasty • Lost the Mandateof Heaven • 1949 … Communistscontrol Mainland China- have the Mandateof Heaven- - because they rule

  11. BELIEF SYSTEMS:Daoism • Harmony between- Man- Nature • Yin & Yang

  12. BELIEF SYSTEMS:Daoism • IMPACT:- study of natural world led to advances in science - again … “peaceful” society

  13. Philosophy --------------- ---------------- China --------------- Lao - tze Circa 300 BC

  14. ---------------- • Daode Jing • Monks • Everywhere • Everyday • --------------------

  15. ----------------

  16. HARMONYbetween people & the universeYin & Yang- good vs evil • Constantly in flux • Meditation • Martial arts

  17. Equality • -------------------

  18. 35. Both Shintoism and Taoism (Daoism) stress 1.  respect for nature 2.  the need for government based on religious principles 3.  respect for elders 4.  the need for continual spiritual rebirth until one reaches nirvana

  19. 35. Both Shintoism and Taoism (Daoism) stress 1.respect for nature 2.  the need for government based on religious principles 3.  respect for elders 4.  the need for continual spiritual rebirth until one reaches nirvana

  20. BELIEF SYSTEMS:Legalism • STRICT obey LAW • HARSH punishment- practiced in Singapore

  21. Philosophy --------------- ---------------- FAR EAST- China- Vietnam- Singapore --------------- Shang Yang C475 BC

  22. ---------------- • The Law • Judges • Govt. officials • Everywhere • Everyday • --------------------

  23. ---------------- • ---------------- • ----------------

  24. People born evil / corrupt • Must be taught the straight & narrowpath • Severe punishment • For even small/minor infractions • Obey the Law • STRICT & ORDERLYsociety

  25. Equality • -------------------

  26. BELIEF SYSTEMS: Buddhism • 4 Noble Truths- we have pain/sorrow in life - because we “want” things • 8 Fold Path- to relieve the pain - meditate - give up material desires • Key People: Buddha & Dalai Lama

  27. BELIEF SYSTEMS: Buddhism ~ cultural diffusion - spread from China ~IMPACT • PEACEFUL life - Vietnam - Tibet

  28. Religion orPhilosophy 1 or none Dependsmonotheism or ----- Asia Bodh tree… in India Gautama Siddhartha 560 BC

  29. Mahayana – Buddha GODTheravada – philosophy Tripitaka …. Sutras Monks “Dalai Lama” Shrine of Buddha everyday New Year Spring [April] Buddha Day … 1st full moon - May

  30. MeatFishVietnam & China… no … onions … garlic … leak

  31. GOAL: nirvana4 Noble Truths- pain & suffering caused by desire for material goods … never good enough … new enough 8 Fold Path- meditation- give up - Goods - Selfish desire- seek “enlightenment- proper behavior - Meditation- yoga

  32. Equality 20th century [1900s]Dalai Lama [Tibet] vsCommunist China

  33. Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists? • Everyone should have the same social status. • People should pray five times a day. • The soul can be reincarnated. • Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods.

  34. Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists? • Everyone should have the same social status. • People should pray five times a day. • The soul can be reincarnated. • Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods.

  35. BELIEF SYSTEMS:Shintoism • RESPECT for- land- nation: JAPAN- emperor • IMPACT:- Tokugawa & Meiji + Kamikaze

  36. Religion Many Polytheism Japan Mt. Fuji… mountain near Tokyo According to legend … the Gods dipped their spear into the Pacificthe drops of water that fell off became “Japan” Circa 2000 BC

  37. … none … Chronicles of JapanKojiki… tales / fables … like Hinduism (Vedas … Gita) Shinto priests Shrines at home“Torii Gate(s)” Everyday … ritual cleansing (with water … to purify) New Years Day… honoring the Kami (spirits) from 4 directions (North, South, East & West)Seijin-no-Hi--Shinto festival(2nd Monday in January)honoring 20-year-old men and women on reaching adulthood, and recognizing the rights and responsibilities that come with it. Spring Festival … (planting) Fall Festival … (harvest)

  38. … none …

  39. Spirits exist… some human… some non – human… some good … some evil (bad)+ similar to AnimismPeople & spirits SHARE the SAME WORLD Afterlife… crossing the river (like Hades in Greek mythology) The Kami (spirits) protect Japan Bowing … a form of respect… lower the bow … the higher the respect … Washing … Water purification … a form of “purifying” … even done when buildings are about to open … get rid any evil spirits … praying … sometimes at shrines at home or in public

  40. … none … 1287 … “kami” defeat Mongol naval invasion attempt against Japan Late 1800s … “Meiji Restoration” … Shintoism becomes a “national” religion Dec. 7, 1941 … “kamikaze” pilots … attack US ships in Pearl Harbor 1946 … (after World War II) … Shintoism … no longer a National / State religion

  41. Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? • Shinto and animism • Hinduism and Confucianism • Judaism and Christianity • Islam and Buddhism

  42. Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature? • Shinto and animism • Hinduism and Confucianism • Judaism and Christianity • Islam and Buddhism

  43. According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that 1. the ruler should be chosen democratically. 2. ancestor worship should be discontinued. 3. the evil in humans must be eliminated. 4. individuals should know and do what is expected of them.

  44. According to the teachings of Confucius, the key to the successful organization of society is that 1. the ruler should be chosen democratically. 2. ancestor worship should be discontinued. 3. the evil in humans must be eliminated. 4. individuals should know and do what is expected of them. . . . Caste system (Hinduism) . . . India . . . . . . Latin America . . . . . . Medieval Europe . . .

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