Theory of Architecture

1. Theory of Architecture Fourth Stage Architecture Engineering Department

2. Parametric Design • Parametric design is a process based on algorithmic thinking that enables the expression of parameters and rules that together, define and clarify the relationship between design intent and design response. • Parametric design is a paradigm in design where the relationship between elements is used to manipulate and inform the design of complex geometries and structures. • The term parametric originates from mathematics (parametric equation) and refers to the use of certain parameters or variables that can be edited to manipulate or alter the end result of an equation or system. • Form-finding is one of parametric design strategies. The idea behind form-finding is to optimize certain design goals against a set of design constraints • A design that is governed by certain logic which includes algorithms (to devise the logic) and these algorithms further include certain parameters which can be varied to see multiple outcomes. (Mostly to do with geometry of the structure)

3. Parametric Design • While today the term is used in reference to computational design systems, there are precedents for these modern systems in the works of architects such as Antoni Gaudí, who used analog models to explore design space. • Computer technology has given designers and architects the tools to analyse and simulate the complexity observed in nature and apply it to structural building shapes and urban organizational patterns. • In the 1980s architects and designers started using computers running software developed for the aerospace and moving picture industries to "animate form". • One of the first architects and theorists that used computers to generate architecture was Greg Lynn, and Frei Otto.

4. Parametric Software • CAD (Computer Aided Design) • CAAD (Computer Aided Architecture Design) • Software that uses (BIM)building information modelling • Catia • Autodesk 3DS Max • Autodesk Maya • Grasshopper 3D • Autodesk Revit • Autodesk Dynamo

5. Parametricism • Parametricism term was coined in 2008 by Patrik Schumacher ( an architectural partner of Zaha Hadid). • Parametricism has its origin in parametric design, which is based on the constraints in a parametric equation. • Parametricism relies on programs, algorithms, and computers to manipulate equations for design purposes. • Aspects of parametricism have been used in urban design, architectural design, interior design and furniture design. • Parametricism implies that all elements of the design become parametrically variable and mutually adaptive. • According to Schumacher, parametricism is a self-referential system, in which all the elements are interlinked and an outside influence that changes one alters all the others. • In Patrick Schumacher's view, parametricism is architecture's answer to our computationally powered network society, representing a paradigmatic shift in architecture after the collapse of the International style of Modernism, It produces shift from (mass production) to (mass customization).

6. Parametric Urbanism • Parametric urbanism is concerned with the study and prediction of settlement patterns. • Studies look at producing solutions that reduce overall path length in systems while maintaining low average detour factor or facade differentiation

7. Munich Olympic Stadium (Frei Otto and Günther Behnisch, 1972)

8. The Water Pavilion (Lars Spuybroek, 1993-1997)

9. Yokohama International Passenger Terminal (Foreign Office Architects, 1995-2002)

10. Phaeno Science Center (Zaha Hadid Architects, 2000-2005)

11. Dalian International Conference Center (Coop Himmelb(l)au, 2008-2012)

12. kartalpendik Zaha Hadid Istanbul, Turkey 2006