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Exploring Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: A Comparative Study

Discover the characteristics of living things and the fundamental Cell Theory. Learn about two main cell types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells. Explore the differences between these cells, including size, internal structures, and functions. Delve into the world of bacteria, viruses, and their impact on living organisms. Understand the roles of bacteria in both harmful and beneficial contexts. Gain insights into viruses, their structures, life cycles, and reproduction methods within host cells. Enhance your knowledge through engaging videos and interactive quizzes.

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Exploring Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: A Comparative Study

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  1. Cell Types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

  2. Characteristics of Living Things • Living things respond to their environment • Living things need energy • Living things grow  • Living things reproduce • Living things must get ridof waste • Living things are made of cells • Take in nutrients See page 10 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  3. Cell Theory • The cell is the basic unit of life. • All organisms are composed of one or more cells. • All cells come from other living cells. See pages 31-32 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

  4. Cells can be classified into two main groups • Video Amoeba Sisters Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruBAHiij4EA

  5. Two Main Types of Cells • Cells are classified into two groups: • Prokaryotic Cells (Prokaryotes) • Eukaryotic Cells (Eukaryotes)

  6. Prokaryotes are much smaller than Eukaryotes

  7. Prokaryotic Cells • Have no nucleus • Much simpler than eukaryotes • Have fewer internal structures • Internal structure are not surround by membranes • Mostly Unicellular organisms • all bacteria are prokaryotes • Example E. coli

  8. Eukaryotic Cells • Have a nucleus, • Have organelles surrounded by membranes • Are Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells • Can be either Unicellular or multicellular organisms • Example: any cell from a plant or animal 

  9. Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

  10. Bacteria and Viruses

  11. Difference between Bacteria and Virus • Amoeba Sisters • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxM_9DL2GYw

  12. Bacteria • All bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic cells • Bacteria are micro-organisms • (microscopic organisms) • Can vary from 1nm-20nm in length See pages 33 - 34 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Take the Section 1.2 Quiz

  13. Bacteria are very small • Average range is 1um – 20 nm in length • mm = millimeter 1/1000 of a meter • um = micrometer 1/1000 000 of a meter • Nm = nanometer 1/100 000 000 of a meter • So 1 um is 1/1000 of a millimeter

  14. Bacteria • Some bacteria are harmful and cause diseases such as: tuberculosis and strep throat. See pages 33 - 34 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Take the Section 1.2 Quiz

  15. Bacteria • Some bacteria are helpful:- • used to make food such as: cheese and yogurt, • some live in our gut and help us digest food. See pages 33 - 34 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Take the Section 1.2 Quiz

  16. Bacteria • Bacteria are often grouped by their shape.

  17. Viruses Viruses are tiny non-living particles capable of reproducing only when inside a host cell. • Viruses do not contain any cell organelles but do contain genetic material (DNA or RNA) • Viruses can reproduce by using a host cell. • Examples: HIV, chicken pox, and influenza (the flu)

  18. Viruses

  19. Virus Structure

  20. Virus Life Cycle • The virus attaches to a specific host cell. • The virus injects its DNA into host cell. • The viruses DNA causes host cell to make new viral DNA and protein. • New viruses are created inside host cell • Host cell bursts open and the new viruses are release to infect other host cells.

  21. Life Cycle of a Viruses

  22. Life Cycle of a Virus video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIut0oVWCEg

  23. Create a Venn Diagram • Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  24. Which one is the prokaryotic cell?

  25. Homework • Read p32 to 34 • Workbook pages 10 to 12

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