Substance Use: Medicines and Drugs

1. Substance Use: Medicines and Drugs Chapters 21, 22, 23: The Role of Medicines, Drug Use-A High Risk Behavior, Marijuana, Inhalants, Steroids, Psychoactive Drugs, Living Drug Free

2. What are 4 categories of medicine? • What is the difference between a drug and a medicine? • Define Prescription Drug. • Define OTC drugs. • Define vaccine, anti-viral, drug interaction, analgesic, tolerance and withdrawal. Answer and Define

3. Those that prevent disease • Those that fight pathogens • Those that relieve pain • Those that restore health and regulate body systems Medicines: 4 Categories

4. Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease or other conditions • Drugs are substances other than food that change the structure and function of the brain All Medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines. Classification of Medicines

5. Vaccine • Antiviral, Antifungal • Analgesic (Pain Reliever): Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen • Additive Interaction, Synergistic effect, Antagonistic interaction • Tolerance, Withdrawal Medicine Terminology

6. Prescription Medicines- FDA rules that certain drugs must be prescribed by a licensed physician and dispensed by a licensed pharmacist. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines- FDA considers these drugs safe to use without medical supervision and may be purchased without a prescription. Medicine Safety

7. “No one starts using drugs with the intention of becoming addicted” Substance abuse Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical reasons Drug Use: A High Risk Behavior

8. Diane Shuler, John Daly, Michael, Heath, Amy What went wrong???????????????

9. Do you or will you have a problem with a drug? You?

10. Peer Pressure • Family Members • Role Models • Media Messages • Perceptions Factors that influence decisions about drugs

11. Advertisements Media Messages and Perception

13. Kristina's Addiction

14. Experimentation • Tolerance • Psychological Dependence • Physiological Dependence • Addiction Understanding the Addiction Cycle

15. What’s the Research on usage of selected substances for 12thgraders? (CDC) • Cigarettes • Marijuana • Cocaine • Inhalants • Ecstasy • Alcohol From 1980 to 2003 Everybody’s Doing It!

16. Substance 1980 2003 • Cigarettes • Marijuana • Cocaine • Inhalants • MDMA(Ecstasy) • Alcohol Partner Activity: Give an Estimate for each substance and year

17. CDC Statistics From 1980 to 2003

18. Resist Pressure; Use Refusal Skills • Commitment to be Drug Free • Choose Healthy Alternatives Living Drug Free

19. Addictive, physically damaging, often an entry to other drug use, a lethal drug with harmful physical, emotional, mental, social, and legal consequences. Signs of a problem: lying, avoiding friends, giving up activities, taking unnecessary risks, feeling depressed. Alcohol

20. Welcome to College

21. The College Process & the 1st Year

22. More than 1,700 college students in the U.S. are killed each year- about 4.6 a day- as a result of alcohol-related injuries Welcome to College

23. 4 or more drinks in one sitting • 30% of 12th graders in the U.S. binge drink • 44% of American college students (51% male, 40% female) engaged in this practice at least once in the past two weeks. Results of the Harvard School of Public Health 1999 College Alcohol Study Henry Wechsler, PhD, et al. Binge Drinking

24. No one had called for help.

25. Visibly intoxicated, and was placed on the floor to “sleep it off”- alone.

26. www.gordie.org

27. "Haze" the movie • On September 17th, 2004, Lynn Gordon Bailey Jr. ("Gordie") was found dead at the Chi Psi Fraternity house at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Gordie was 18 years old when he died. Just one month earlier, he had enrolled as a freshman at the University of Colorado Leeds School of Business. In his four weeks at the University, Gordie had been named to the club lacrosse team and had become a pledge at Chi Psi Fraternity. Gordies Story

28. Every year, more than 5,000 deaths of people under age 21 are linked to underage drinking. • Alcohol is a leading factor in automobile crashes, homicides, and suicides – the three leading causes of death for people aged 15 to 24. • Americans begin drinking regularly at an average age of 15.9 years. Just the Facts

29. Teens who begin drinking before age 15 are five times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21. • Alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29. • In 2005, underage drinkers consumed 15% of the alcohol sold in the U.S., spending $19.8 billion in sales. More Facts

30. Underage drinking plays a significant role in risky sexual behavior, such as unwanted, unintended, and unprotected sexual activity. This behavior increases the risk for unplanned pregnancy and STDs. Decision-Making: It Can’t Happen To Me!!!

31. Ethanol- type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages • Fermentation- chemical action of yeast on sugars • Depressant- slows the CNS • Intoxication- the body is poisoned by alcohol Alcohol Terminology

32. Under 21 it is illegal to buy, possess, or consume alcohol. • Teens can be arrested, fined and sentenced to a youth detention center. • As a result there will be a damaged reputation. Lose of trust and respect of friends and family. Alcohol and the Law

33. The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed by a percentage. • Accidents, primarily DWI, is the leading cause of death among teenagers. • Alcohol impairs vision, reaction time, and coordination. Reduces a person’s ability to judge distances & speeds. Increases risk taking behaviors. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)

34. 12 oz. Beer • 5 oz. Wine • 1.25 oz. liquor • Each contains the same amount of pure alcohol. • Each drink increases BAC .02% • Legal Intoxication Level is .08% One Drink

36. Say NO! to a Driver Who Has Been Drinking! Walk the Gauntlet of Good and Evil! Activity

37. Binge Drinking • Alcohol Poisoning • Delirium Tremors (DT’s) • Alcohol Blackout • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • FAS PSA Other Problems

38. A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on alcohol. The alcoholic is an addict dependent on alcohol who craves the drug, has experienced loss of control, developed a tolerance and has health, family and legal problems. Alcoholism Alcoholism

39. According to the American Medical Association, Alcoholism develops in 3 stages: • Abuse • Dependence • Addiction The Stages of Alcoholism

40. Alcoholism cannot be cured but can be treated. 212-870-3400 Sobriety is a lifelong commitment to live without alcohol. Recovery is the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life. Help Groups: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Al-Anon, Alateen. www.al-anon.alateen.org Treatment

41. According to the Surgeon General: Tobacco use is the #1 cause of preventable death! Then… Why use it? Tobacco Use

44. Nicotine • Stimulant • Carcinogen • Tar • Carbon Monoxide Serious Health Risk

45. Cyanide, Formaldehyde, Arsenic, Insecticides, Paint, Toilet Cleaner, Antifreeze, Explosives, Ammonia, etc. 43 Known Carcinogens

46. Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar • Smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers • 3,000 lung cancer & 35,000 heart disease deaths each year in nonsmokers Secondhand Smoke

47. Tobacco that is sniffed, held in the mouth or chewed. LEUKOPLAKIA Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer. Smokeless Tobacco

48. Change in brain chemistry • Increase in respiration and heart rate • Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite • Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes and skin Short Term Effects

49. Chronic Bronchitis • Emphysema • Lung Cancer • Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Long Term Effects

50. Lucky Strike:Effects on the Body Marketing