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Unveiling the Sun: Structure, Fusion, and Energy

Delve into the mysteries of the Sun's structure, fusion processes, and energy generation in this illuminating exploration. Discover the layers of the Sun, nuclear fusion reactions, and the release of energy manifesting in the luminosity we see. With captivating visuals and engaging clicker questions, unravel the Sun's secrets like never before!

johnsonphillip
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Unveiling the Sun: Structure, Fusion, and Energy

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  1. Chapter 14Our Star

  2. Why does the Sun Shine?

  3. Is it on FIRE?

  4. Chemical energy content ~ 10,000 years Luminosity Is it on FIRE?

  5. Chemical energy content ~ 10,000 years Luminosity Is it on FIRE? …NO!

  6. Insert TCP 6e Chapter 14 opener Is it CONTRACTING?

  7. Gravitational potential energy ~ 25 million years Luminosity Is it CONTRACTING?

  8. Gravitational potential energy ~ 25 million years Luminosity Is it CONTRACTING?...NO!

  9. Why does the Sun shine?

  10. Insert TCP 6e Figure 14.1 Weight of upper layers compresses lower layers.

  11. Gravitational equilibrium: There is a balance between the outward fusion pressure and the inward pressure, due to gravity.

  12. What is the Sun’s structure? Insert TCP 6e Figure 14.3

  13. Solar wind: A flow of charged particles from the surface of the Sun

  14. Corona: Outermost layer of solar atmosphere and seen only during a total solar eclipse. ~1 million K

  15. Chromosphere: Middle layer of solar atmosphere and seen only during a total solar eclipse. ~ 104–105 K

  16. Photosphere: Visible surface of Sun ~ 6000 K

  17. Convection Zone: Energy transported upward by rising hot gas

  18. Radiation Zone: Energy transported upward by photons

  19. Core: Energy generated by nuclear fusion ~ 15 million K

  20. Clicker QuestionWhat is the surface we see? • corona • photosphere • chromosphere • solar wind

  21. Clicker QuestionWhat is the surface we see? • corona • photosphere • chromosphere • solar wind

  22. Clicker QuestionWhat layer is the hottest? • corona • photosphere • chromosphere

  23. Clicker QuestionWhat layer is the hottest? • corona • photosphere • chromosphere

  24. Clicker QuestionWhat layer is the coolest? • corona • photosphere • chromosphere

  25. Clicker QuestionWhat layer is the coolest? • corona • photosphere • chromosphere

  26. How does nuclear fusion occur in the Sun?

  27. Fission Big nucleus splits into smaller pieces. (Example: nuclear power plants) Fusion Small nuclei stick together to make a bigger one. (Example: the Sun, stars)

  28. High temperatures enable nuclear fusion to happen in the core.

  29. The Sun releases energy by fusing four hydrogen nuclei into one helium nucleus.

  30. Theproton–proton chain is how hydrogen fuses into helium in Sun.

  31. IN 4 protons OUT 4He nucleus 2 gamma rays 2 positrons 2 neutrinos Total mass is 0.7% lower.

  32. Proton-Proton Chain in Gory Detail Step 1: 1H1 + 1H1 --> 2H1 + e+ +  1H1 is a hydrogen nucleus - subscript is the number of protons in nucleus, superscript is the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus. Hydrogen nucleus has 1 proton, 0 neutrons. 2H1 is a deuterium nucleus (hydrogen isotope) with 1 proton and 1 neutron in nucleus. e+ is a positron or antiparticle of the e-. When e+ and e- meet, e+ + e- __ > 2  two gamma rays are produced is a neutrino and helps to carry away energy. Step 2: 1H1 +2H1-->3He2 +  3He2 is a helium isotope,  is a gamma ray. Step 3: 3He2 + 3He2 --> 4He2 + 1H1 + 1H1 4He2 is ordinary or ‘balloon’ helium.

  33. Clicker QuestionWhat is e+? • electron • positron • Neutron • proton • neutrino

  34. Clicker QuestionWhat is e+? • electron • positron • Neutron • proton • neutrino

  35. Clicker QuestionWhat is 2H1? • gamma ray • helium nucleus • deuterium nucleus • ordinary hydrogen nucleus

  36. Clicker QuestionWhat is 2H1? • gamma ray • helium nucleus • deuterium nucleus • ordinary hydrogen nucleus

  37. Clicker QuestionWhat is ? • gamma ray • positron • Neutron • proton • neutrino

  38. Clicker QuestionWhat is ? • gamma ray • positron • Neutron • proton • neutrino

  39. Clicker QuestionWhat is ? • gamma ray • positron • Neutron • proton • neutrino

  40. Clicker QuestionWhat is ? • gamma ray • positron • Neutron • proton • neutrino

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