Guessing the Meaning of English Words: Understanding Context Clues

1. หลักการเดาความหมายของ ศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษ

2. Context = ข้อความหรือคำศัพท์หลายๆ คำ . • อยู่แวดล้อมคำศัพท์ที่ไม่ทราบความหมาย แล้วทำให้สามารถเดาความหมายของคำศัพท์ที่ไม่รู้นั้นได้

3. For example : roll = ม้วน • breakfast roll = ขนมปัง • roll call = ชื่อบัญชี

4. บริบท (context) แบ่งเป็นประเภทต่างๆ ดังนี้ • External Context Clues • Internal Context Clues

5. External Context Clues แบ่งออกได้ดังนี้ • การให้คำจำกัดความโดยตรง ( Direct Definition ) • to be ( ได้แก่ is, are , was , were) • that is , in other words หรือ or หมายความว่า คำ หรือประโยคที่กล่าวมาแล้ว มีความหมายเหมือนกับคำหรือประโยคที่ตามหลังคำเชื่อมนี้ • mean , means • to refer to • to be defined to • to be regard as = เกี่ยวข้องเป็น • to look like • to be called

6. For example • Geometry is one branch of mathematics about lines, angles, and surfaces. • Closed punctuation means the use of commas and periods at the end of lines in the letter headings and addresses.

7. Isn’t that what you’ve always wanted – to keep your morning freshness all day long? • The audience appreciated the speaker’s straight answers to their questions. In other words, the speaker answered truthfully .

8. การให้ตัวแนะโดยสังเกตจากตัวอย่าง( Definition by Example ) • สังเกตจากคำว่า for example, for instance, e.g., such as, as • We get an alloy by melting two or more metals together, for example, brass is an alloy of bronze and zinc. • Half-baked, for instance, may refer to a foolish idea or stupid person.

9. การให้ตัวแนะจากการบรรยาย (Definition of Description) • Thailand is a country in Asia and her main export is rice.

10. การเดาความหมายจากคำที่แสดงการเปรียบเทียบหรือขัดแย้ง (Comparison and Contrast) • Compare - เช่น Verb to be, as, like • Sak excels in football, photography, and music, and his elder brother is even more versatile.

11. 2. Contrast – เช่น but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary - Although he was accustomed to life in the desert, he could not endure the heat of this valley very long.

12. การเดาความหมายโดยใช้ตัวแนะที่เป็นเหมือนคำเหมือนและคำตรงข้ามการเดาความหมายโดยใช้ตัวแนะที่เป็นเหมือนคำเหมือนและคำตรงข้าม • (Synonym and Antonym) • like, likewise, similarly, in the same way, as, correspondingly, equally, as if

13. - A tiger and a panther are nearly alike. A panther has yellow skin with dark spots, but a tiger is bigger and it has yellow skin with black stripes. • There are conflicts between the leaders of different political parties, so there are disagreements between their members.

14. การใช้ตัวแนะที่สังเกตได้จากการใช้ข้อความหรือคำขยาย ( Appositive) • สังเกตจากเครื่องหมาย comma (,) ที่ตามหลัง noun • The minutes, a written record of the meeting, were kept by the secretary.

15. การเดาความหมายจากตัวแนะที่เป็นที่มาของคำ(Origin)การเดาความหมายจากตัวแนะที่เป็นที่มาของคำ(Origin) • Sports probably began as part of training for battle.

16. การเดาความหมายจากการใช้สิ่งเปรียบเทียบ (Simile) • สังเกตจากคำว่า as , like - The cat’s eyes glowed in the dark as if they were little lights.

17. การเดาความหมายโดยการสรุปย่อ (Summary) - Down the street they came. First there were the girls twirling batons, then the marching band, and then the men in uniform, it was a parade.

18. 2. Internal Context Clues – ตัวแนะที่อยู่ภายในบริบท ได้แก่ prefixes, suffixes, roots, keywords และ word inflection

19. Directions : • Choose the word with the closest meaning to each of the underlined words

20. 1. I have no way of knowing the outcome, but my conjectureis that Mr. Black will win the election. 1. guess 2. awareness 3. knowledge 4. confidence 2. Since I was the cause of your accident, I cannot help feeling remorseful. 1. helpful 2. painful 3. regretful 4. truthful 3. He never acted hastily but was deliberatein everything he said and did. 1. careful 2. ignorant 3. delightful 4. indifferent • Since the baby was left in my care, I have a feeling of obligation to see that nothing happens to him. 1. duty 2. worry 3. intention 4. willingness

21. 5. His habit of turning in the radio at the highest volume is the greatest nuisance for all people in the apartment. They finally asked for police help since they were unable to tolerate his behavior. 1. resist 2. retain 3. endure 4. enhance 6. In this age, education is considered an important key to success and minority groups especially are strivingto better their lot by going to college. 1. arguing 2. confusing 3. inspecting 4. attempting 7. This type of work is considered to be quite hazardous. Every worker therefore gets accident insurance from the factory. 1. gloomy 2. risky 3. cautious 4. labourious

22. 8. Police arrested a Chinese-Filipino suspect on a charge of traffickingheroin across the Thai-Malaysian border. 1. snatching 2. smuggling 3. possessing 4. proceeding 9. She provided ample evidence of her need for financial support and was Granted a scholarship to continue her study. 1. fake 2. vague 3. inadequate 4. sufficient 10. If you want good grades on tests, it is vitalthat you study hard. 1. genuine 2. intensive 3. effective 4. essential

23. 11. His performance on the piano was so accomplished that his audience stood up to applaud him. 1. skilled 2. handsome 3. amateur 4. awkward 12. Needle and thread arte indispensable tools for a tailor; without them he would not be able to work. 1. available 2. essential 3. possible 4. suitable 13. The newspaper reported that the Dutchess of York, who has so often been Criticized for her dowdytaste, had developed a much more stylish dress sense. 1. economical 2. expensive 3. modern 4. plain 14. After lengthy interrogationof the suspect, the police decided to let him free, because his words had proved his innocence. 1. searching 2. questioning 3. describing 4. arresting

24. 15. Owing to the fact that the Northeast has become impoverished, several foreign development agencies are offering aid to the area. 1. developed 2. civilized 3. fertile 4. poor 16. When a problem arose concerning the perishabilityof the new crops, a canning factory was set up as a means to preserve food. 1. quick growth 2. quick decay 3. quick sales 4. quick advertising 17. I disliked her from the moment I saw her. 1. at will 2. at present 3. at first sight 4. at one time 18. Her only daughter got married in Nan province and could not afford the long and expensive journey to see her mother in Had-Yai. 1. insisted on making 2. was too weak to make 3. never remembered to start 4. did not have enough money for

25. 19. The chairman presented the guest speaker to the audience. 1. greeted 2. introduced 3. advised 4. suggested 20. The boy continually raised his hand because he was anxious to be chosen. 1. enthusiastic 2. afraid 3. nervous 4. diplomatic

26. Directions : Choose the word that best complete each of the statements.

27. 21. Since her mother ______ breastfeeding that unhealthy baby suffered from various sicknesses. 1. ruined 2. drilled 3. neglected 4. disobeyed 22. The last time my boyfriend came to my house for dinner, he was not sure whether the mushrooms in my cooking were _______ . 1. edible 2. workable 3. believable 4. predictable 23. Although it is hoped that a convict will be _____ while in prison so that he can lead a useful life when released, this outcome is not always the case. 1. smashed 2. obstructed 3. authorized 4. rehabilitated

28. 24.The government at first rejected the plan to construct a tantalum factory, seeing that the results were_______ in comparison with the amount of effort needed to achieve the plan. 1. unique 2. trivial 3. universal 4. undoubtful 25.She said Thamrong was _______ in his talent. If he had been sincere, he would not have told the team’s secrets to the opponents. 1. anxious 2. vicious 3. precious 4. glorious 26.We had to queue. We had to wait for our……. to see the teller. 1. queue 2. row 3. turn 4. line

29. 27. 1987 is jubilants year for the Thai people. On this occasion, 15 new commemorative stamps, gold coins, 60 bath banknotes, and medals are being……. 1. celebrated 2. issued 3. covered 4. published 28. It is difficult to find work in the entertainment business nowadays that even…….musicians are finding themselves unemployed. 1. neglected 2. varied 3. conscious 4. talented 29. Business is a very demanding and……. field. 1. humble 2. underpaid 3. competitive 4. academic 30. …… of workers from the country to the cities is one of the major causes of slums. 1. Migration 2. Location 3. Replacement 4. Employment

30. 31. A…… sometimes wins money and sometimes loses money. 1. prize – winner 2. born loser 3. candidate 4. gambler 32. George did not get it. He was…… because he did not understand the situation. 1. confused 2. positive 3. conscious 4. determined 33. He locked his video deck away when he left the house because there had been several…… in the neighbourhood. 1. murders 2. robberies 3. suicides 4. quarrels

31. 34. For country people, to go to the movie is a special……. 1. action 2. occasion 3. condition 4. ritual 35. Every athlete recognizes that fair play is an important….. of any sport. 1. method 2. kind 3. component 4. use 36. Our English class is far behind schedule. We need to….. on week – ends, or we won’t finish in time. 1. put up 2. look up 3. catch up 4. pick up 37. A good government must….. the well – being of its citizens. 1. be accustomed to 2. take after 3. take over 4. be responsible for

32. 38.The audience were very pleased with the show: they gave the performers a big round of……….. 1. encouragement 2. explosion 3. rehearsal 4. applause 39. John was put out because the committee did not even look at the proposal which he had spent several hours working on. The underlined phrase means…….. . 1. upset 2. extinguished 3. distinguished 4. expelled 40. The ladies in the beautiful Indian……over there are from Sri Lanka. 1. costumes 2. customs 3. fragrance 4. fantasy

33. 41. The government tried to help relieve the economic problems of paddy farmers by setting up the paddy price…..scheme. 1. condensation 2. guarantee 3. opportunity 4. representation 42. English is ……for all Chiangmai University students; every student has to take English. 1. complementary 2. compensatory 3. compulsory 4. commentary 43. Somsak was very disappointed because his girlfriend……. his marriage proposal. 1. turned down 2. turned in 3. turned up 4. turned off

34. 44.A UNESCO working group reported that the effects of acid rain on environments are extremely……… 1. hopeless 2. advantageous 3. bilingual 4. disastrous 45.Ever since the oil crisis of the 1970 s sent fuel prices soaring, businesses and individuals have looked for ways to save money by saving petroleum.The underlined word means………. . 1. exaggerating 2. depressing 3. scarce 4. sky high

35. Good luck ! • The End