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生产与运作管理 ----An Introduction

Production & Operations Management. 生产与运作管理 ----An Introduction. Dr. Jinxing Xie Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie Email: jxie@ math.tsinghua.edu.cn Voice: (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)62785847

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生产与运作管理 ----An Introduction

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  1. Production & Operations Management 生产与运作管理----An Introduction Dr. Jinxing Xie Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie Email: jxie@ math.tsinghua.edu.cn Voice: (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)62785847 Office: Rm. 1202, New Science Building

  2. Outline • What is Prod. & Operations Management (POM)? • Definition of OM • OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EM • The Heritage of OM • What Operations Managers do? • Exciting New Trends in OM • Research Methods • Academic Societies • OM Related Journals

  3. What is Operations Management? • 运作管理就是对公司（或组织）的提供主要产品或服务的系统进行设计、运行、评价和改进。 • OM is the set of activities that creates goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. • OM is the business function that manages that part of a business that transforms raw materials and human inputs into goods and services of higher value. (narrow view)

  4. OM概要模型 市场 企业战略 财务战略 运作战略 营销战略 运作管理 输入 原料 顾客 输出 产品 服务 人力 工厂 部件 工艺 计划与控制系统 生产系统(5P) 其他名称：运作管理 生产管理；运营管理 工业管理；工厂管理

  5. OM IE/EM OR/MS SS/SE OM vs. OR/MS vs. SS/SE vs. IE/EM • 运作管理是管理的一个领域（管理职能） • OR/MS是各领域在制定决策时都可能遇到的定量方法 • SS/SE强调的是系统观点、系统方法 • IE/EM主要关注如何更好地利用企业的资源，解决工程问题（如工业自动化等）

  6. The Heritage of OM 成 本 • 1776-1880: 早期概念 • 专业化； 标准化零部件 • 1880-1910：科学管理时代 • Gantt图；动作/时间研究；过程分析；排队论 • 1910-1980：大批量生产时代 • 流水线；经济批量；线性规划；PERT/CPM；MRP • 1980-1995：精益生产时代 • JIT；TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP • 1995-：大批量、顾客化生产时代 • 全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce) • 敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主动学习的组织 • 供应链管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics) 质量 顾客 作为学科， OM诞生于50年代末60年代初

  7. What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions) • Goods and services design • What product should we offer? • How should we design these products and services? • Managing quality • Who is responsible for quality? • How do we define the quality we want in our service or product? • Process and capacity design • What process will these products require and in what order? • What equipment and technology is necessary for these processes?

  8. What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions) • Location strategies • Where should we put the facility? • On what criteria should we bas the location decision? • Layout design • How should we arrange the facility? • How large must the facility be to meet our plan? • Human resources and job design • How do we provide a reasonable work environment? • How much can we expect our employees to produce? • Supply chain management • Should we buy or produce the component? • Who are our suppliers and who can integrate into our e-commerce program?

  9. What Operations Managers do?(Top 10 Research Directions) • Inventory control • How much inventory of each item should we have? • When do we reorder? • Intermediate, short-term, and project scheduling • Is subcontracting production a good idea? • Are we better off keeping people on the payroll during slowdowns? • Maintenance • Who is responsible for maintenance?

  10. Exciting New Trends in OM Local or national focus Global focus, international OM Batch (large) shipments Just-in-time shipments Supply chain partners, ERP, e-Commerce Low-bid purchasing Rapid product development, alliances Lengthy product development Standardized products Mass customization Empowered employees, teams, and lean production Job specialization

  11. Important Research Field - Service Operations Management • Intangible • Produced and consumed simultaneously • Unique • High customer interaction • Inconsistent product definition • Knowledge-based • Dispersed • Difficult to automate • Difficult to measure quality • …….

  12. Research Methods Strategic Qualitative Tactic Quantitative Operational Levels of Decision

  13. Research Methods Simulation • Motivation and Objective • Experiment design • Independent variables • Dependent variables • Simulation run • Data analysis • Findings • Insights • Empirical • Case study • Survey • Panel study • Database • Theoretic models • Deterministic models • Uncertainty models • Simulation • Expert system (knowledge model)

  14. 建 立 OR/MS 理 论 模 型 的 一 般 步 骤 模型假设 模型构成 模型准备 模型分析 模型求解 模型检验 模型应用 Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation

  15. Academic Societies • Dedicated • INFORMS (A meager of ORSA and TIMS ) In particular, MSOM (Manufacturing and Service OM) • POM (Production and Operations Management Society) • EUROMA (European Operations Management Association) • Related • Academy of Management • DSI (Decision Sciences Institute) • APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society) • IIE (Institute of Industrial Engineering) • EURO (European Operational Research Society) • ……

  16. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management Society • Established March 1999, Newest within INFORMS • Membership: 950, Largest within INFORMS • Society Webpage: http://msom.society.informs.org • The methods which MSOM members apply in order to help the operations function add value to products and services are derived from a wide range of scientific fields, including operations research and management science, mathematics, economics, statistics, information systems and artificial intelligence.

  17. Source of References Top journal: Operations Research (OR); Management Science (MS) Quasi-Top journal: Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (MSOM) IIE Transactions (IIET) Naval Research Logistics (NRL) Mathematics of Operations Research (MOR) Journal of operations management (JOM) Operations Research Letters (ORL) Major journal: European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR) Production and Operations Management (POM) International Journal of Production Research (IJPR) International Journal of Production Economics (IJPE) Journal of the Operational Research Society (JORS) COR(Computers & OR); CIE (Computers & IE) Production Plan and Control (PPC) …

  18. OM Related Journals Relevance Ranks (1999, JOM)Quality • MS (SSCI, SCI) • OR (SCI) • JOM • IJOPM • IJPR (SCI) • POM (SCI) • EJOR(SCI, SSCI) • HBR • Academy of Mgmt. Journal • DS (Decision Sciences) (SSCI) • JOM (J. of OM) • IJOPM (Int. J. Op. Prod. Mgmt.) • POM (Prod. & OM) • IJPR (Int. J. of Prod. Research) • IJPE (Int. J. of Prod. Economics) • PIMJ (Prod. Invent. Mgmt. J.) • MS （Management Sciences) • HBR (Harvard Business Rev.) • EJOR • Sloan Mgmt. Review (MIT) • MSOM

  19. Course Notes Information • http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie/courses/pom/ • Please also visit the course’s Webpage in “清华大学网络学堂” frequently for further information. • At the end of the course, you should submit a course report to me.

  20. Thank you very much for your attendance! THE END

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