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Ontological foundations in knowledge organization The theory of integrative levels

Ibersid 2011, Zaragoza. Ontological foundations in knowledge organization The theory of integrative levels applied in citation order Claudio Gnoli University of Pavia. Science and Technology Library. Knowledge organization. is an interdisciplinary domain: philosophy LIS

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Ontological foundations in knowledge organization The theory of integrative levels

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  1. Ibersid 2011, Zaragoza Ontological foundationsin knowledge organization The theory of integrative levels applied in citation order Claudio Gnoli University of Pavia. Science and Technology Library

  2. Knowledge organization • is an interdisciplinary domain: • philosophy • LIS • computer science • linguistics • sociology • … • It’s both abstract and practical

  3. Structure of KO KO theory e.g. levels theory KO systems (KOS) e.g. CDU KO representation  KRe.g. SKOS KO applications  KMe.g. your digital library

  4. Relationships between layers KO theory  KO systems (KOS)  KO representation  KO applications my focus

  5. KO Systems What is there inside a KOS ?

  6. KOS dimensions  phenomena [ontology]   perspectives [epistemology]   carriers [bibliography]   collections [library science]   users [sociology]

  7. Approaches  phenomena ontological   perspectives epistemological   carriers   collections   users e.g.Bliss (partly),ILC e.g.Dewey,CDU

  8. Epistemological approach • knowledge • 1 philosophical • 2 religious • 7 artistic • 9 historical • 5 scientific • 51 math • 53 physics • 57 biology • … unit: disciplines •      • subdivisions by phenomena (scattered !)

  9. Ontological approach •      unit: phenomena • knowledge of: • matter • life • mind • society • under scientific perspective • under religious perspective • … subdivisions by discipline (scattered !)

  10. The León Manifesto [ISKO Spain 2007] • interdisciplinarity • requires some new KOS • based on phenomena • allowing to shift between perspectives • by analytico-synthetic techniques

  11. Ontological approach Encourages discovery of interdisciplinary connections: indigenous people food taboos infectious diseases

  12. Ontological approach Attempts to reproduce the “order of things” [EC Richardson] “To list the wind where it bloweth” [JEL Farradane] “to serve as a basis of biological generalizations in all sort of comparative studies and to serve as a key to an information storage system. [...] also most convenient for information retrieval” [E Mayr]

  13. Onto-epistemological From general, ontological systems local, epistemological ones can be derived [Wåhlin] by means of shifting devices (deictics).

  14. Relationships between layers KO theory  KO systems (KOS)  KO representation  KO applications

  15. An ontological KO theory Integrative levels [Ampère; Comte; Lloyd Morgan; Conger; Sellars; Schneirla; Feibleman; Hartmann; Kedrov; Poli; …]

  16. KO systems based on ILs • “serial classification”[Bhattacharyya & Ranganathan] • “general index language”[Classification Research Group] • Broad System of Ordering [Coates et al.] • Bliss Classification 2nd edition [Mills & Broughton] • Information Coding Classification [Dahlberg] • Integrative Levels Classification[Gnoli, Hong, Szostak, Cousson et al.]

  17. Main classes = levels FEDC B A

  18. Integrative Levels Classification www.iskoi.org/ilc version 1 publishedJuly 2011

  19. Levels in phase relationships science : philosophy horses : genes : breeding …which citation order ?

  20. Inversion principle By default, cite the higher level firstas it is assumed to provide the context for the lower one [Coates et al.; Mills] breeding: horses: genes vo mqUH k

  21. Main theme However, in some documents, the main theme is not the highest-level phenomenon: genes: horses: breeding k mqUH vo

  22. Levels x themes Revised rule: cite the main themes first; among equally focused themes, cite the highest level first

  23. Levels in browsing … vm farming vo breeding (in general) vo mqUH k breeding: horses: genes vo mqvo breeding: birds …

  24. Levels in browsing … k genes (in general) k mU genes: humans k mqUH vo genes: horses: breeding k t6 genes: law …

  25. Conclusions • Components of KO should be considered in connection • KO theory can inform KO systems (es.: levels theory) • Ontological approach offers more general principles • Features of individual documents (es. main theme) can complement the general principles (onto-epistemology)

  26. …thank you gnoli@aib.it www.ancestral.com

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