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WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA

WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA. EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION. Great suffering as well as great achievement. Reinforcement of traditional gender differences + creation of new ones. Emphasis on the “feminine”.

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WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA

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  1. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA

  2. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION • Great suffering as well as great achievement • Reinforcement of traditional gender differences + creation of new ones • Emphasis on the “feminine” • Reinforcement of patriarchy with Stalin as great “father”

  3. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION • Industrialization • Women recruited into workforce in large numbers • But women’s labor segregated & undervalued • Party abandoned efforts to emancipate women • But some women given opportunities for advancement

  4. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION • Collectivization • Completely disrupted of traditional peasant life • Most peasant women opposed collectivization • Some women gained opportunities for advancement • But vast majority of peasant women suffered deprivation & hardship, arduous labor

  5. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION • The “Double Burden” • Women responsible for all household work • Often prevented career advancement • Party promoted women’s work outside home • But also insisted roles at home were equally important

  6. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION • Women and the Family • Increasing conservatism in matters of sex, women & family • Promotion of motherhood & reproduction • Abortion made illegal, divorce difficult • State did not provide enough social services

  7. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA EFFECTS OF THE STALIN REVOLUTION • The “New Soviet Woman” • Women = models of upright citizenship & clean living • Supportive to husbands • Housework now took on positive dimension • Loyalty & devotion to state • Domestic virtues celebrated “We serve the people!”

  8. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA WOMEN DURING WORLD WAR II • Most women suffered terrible privations & loss • Millions went to work in war industries • Kept nation fed • Suffered atrocities at hands of Germans

  9. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA WOMEN DURING WORLD WAR II • Hundreds of thousands entered fighting • Became partisans • Joined underground resistance • 800,000 in armed forces • Served as medical & auxiliary personnel • Many also served in combat

  10. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA WOMEN DURING WORLD WAR II • Female image used as powerful propaganda tool • “Motherland” • Women presented in supportive roles • Men were to defend women You’ve returned life to us! The Motherland Calls You!

  11. WOMEN DURING THE STALIN ERA POST-WAR WOMANHOOD • Old gender distinctions restored & institutionalized • New family code of 1944 • Cult of Motherhood reached new heights • Emphasis on domesticity intensified • Women’s contribution to war effort downplayed, even disparaged

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