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Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Chapter 9: Communication

Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Chapter 9: Communication. Chapter Contents. 9.1 Modems 9.2 Transmission Media 9.3 Network Architecture: Local Area Networks 9.4 Communication Errors and Error Correcting Codes 9.5 Network Architecture: The Internet

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Principles of Computer Architecture Miles Murdocca and Vincent Heuring Chapter 9: Communication

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  1. Principles of Computer ArchitectureMiles Murdocca and Vincent HeuringChapter 9: Communication

  2. Chapter Contents • 9.1 Modems • 9.2 Transmission Media • 9.3 Network Architecture: Local Area Networks • 9.4 Communication Errors and Error Correcting Codes • 9.5 Network Architecture: The Internet • 9.6 Case Study: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

  3. Modem Communication • • Communication over a telephone line with modems:

  4. Modulation Schemes • • Three common forms of modulation:

  5. Pulse Code Modulation • • Conversion of an analog signal into a PCM binary sequence:

  6. Ideal vs. Transmitted Waves

  7. Transmission Media • • Transmisson media. (a) Two-wire open lines; (b) twisted-pair lines; (c) coaxial cable; (d) optical fiber; (e)satellites.

  8. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model

  9. A Few Network Topologies • • (a) Bus; (b) ring; and (c) star network topologies.

  10. Parity • • Even parity bits are assigned to a few ASCII characters:

  11. Check Bits • • Check bits for a single error correcting ASCII code:

  12. SEC coded ‘a’ • • Format for a single error correcting ASCII code:

  13. SEC Coded ‘d’ • • Parity computation for an ASCII character in an SEC code:

  14. 3-Bit SEC Hypercube • • Hamming distance relationships among three-bit codewords. Valid codewords are 000 and 111. The remaining codewords represent errors.

  15. LRC and VRC Checking • • Combined LRC and VRC checking. Checksum bits form even parity for each column.

  16. Cyclic Redundancy Checking

  17. Internet Protocol Stack • • Layering in the TCP/IP protocol suite:

  18. IPv4 Address Classes

  19. Encapsulation • • Encapsulation in the TCP/IP protocol suite:

  20. Hub vs. Router vs. Switch • • Configurations shown for (a) a hub; (b) a router; and (c) a switch.

  21. Self-Routing Switch • • A 4´4 self-routing switch based on the bubblesort algorithm:

  22. TDM vs. ATM • • (a) Time division multiplexing vs. (b) asynchronous transfer mode.

  23. Format of an ATM Packet • • Format of an ATM packet. (a) User-to-network interface (UNI) format; and (b) network-to-network interface (NNI) format.

  24. Simple ATM Network

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