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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure. First off, what is an atom?. Atoms are the smallest parts to which an element can be divided. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. How small is an atom?. An atom is so small that a penny contains about 2 x 10 22 or 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms!!!.

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Atomic Structure

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  1. Atomic Structure

  2. First off, what is an atom? • Atoms are the smallest parts to which an element can be divided. Atoms are the building blocks of all matter.

  3. How small is an atom? • An atom is so small that a penny contains about 2 x 1022 or 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms!!!

  4. But there’s more… • Atoms consist of even smaller particles. These include: • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  5. Parts of an Atom The protons and neutrons make up the center or nucleus.

  6. The Nucleus • The center of an atom • Small, dense (packed tightly) • Contains protons and neutrons: most of the atom’s mass- 99.9%

  7. Protons • Located in the nucleus • Positive charge (+) • Mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu) protons = positive

  8. Neutrons • Located in the nucleus • Have no charge - neutral • Mass of 1 amu neutrons = neutral

  9. Electrons • Found outside of the nucleus in electron clouds • (think of rings around a target) • Negatively charged (-) • Mass of almost zero • Number of electrons equals the numbers of protons to cancel out the charges • (think of -1+1=0) electrons = negative

  10. Review: Parts of an Atom

  11. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in an atom? http://physicsed.buffalostate.edu/Wiley/CJ6e/img30/PTE.gif

  12. Step 1 • Use your periodic table to find an element

  13. Step 2 The number of Protons (+ charge) • The atomic number = # protons • Kr has 36 protons

  14. Step 3 • The number of Electrons (- charge) • Remember atoms have no overall charge. • Atoms must have an equal # of protons and electrons • #protons=#electrons • Kr has 36 electrons

  15. Step 4 • The number of Neutrons (no charge) • Mass # (atomic weight rounded to nearest whole #) • Neutrons = Mass # -Protons • Neutrons= 84 –36 • Neutrons = 48

  16. Summary • Number of Protons = Atomic # • Number of Electrons = Protons • Number of Neutrons = Mass # - Protons

  17. Problems • Find the protons (p+), electrons (e-), neutrons (n) of Oxygen • Find the p+, e-, n of Xenon (Xe)

  18. Oxygen (O)p+, e-, n • Number of Protons = Atomic # • Number of Electrons = Protons • Number of Neutrons = Mass # - Protons • Protons = 8 • Electrons = 8 • Neutrons = 16-8 = 8

  19. Xenon (Xe)p+, e-, n • Number of Protons = Atomic # • Number of Electrons = Protons • Number of Neutrons = Mass # - Protons • Protons = 54 • Electrons = 54 • Neutrons = 131-54 = 77

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