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Health Skills II Unit 202

Health Skills II Unit 202. Range of Motion. Range of Motion (ROM). definition: exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of joint structures. Purpose of ROM. maintain joint movement and integrity

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Health Skills II Unit 202

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  1. Health Skills IIUnit 202 Range of Motion

  2. Range of Motion(ROM) • definition: • exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of joint structures

  3. Purpose of ROM • maintain joint movement and integrity • preventdeterioration of joint structures, ankylosis and contractures

  4. Indications for ROM • patients on prolonged bed rest • prevention of contracture • stimulates circulation

  5. Types of ROM • active (AROM) • performed by patient • patient moves the joints through available ROM • maintains muscle strength and joint mobility

  6. Types of ROM • active assistive (AAROM) • performed by patient with assistance from another person or mechanical device • patient uses stronger limb to move or support weaker limb • practitioner completes movement through full available ROM

  7. Types of ROM • passive (PROM) • performed for patient by healthcare worker or caregiver • moves all muscle groups within each plane over each joint • does not maintain muscle strength • maintains joint flexibility & integrity

  8. Types of ROM • stretching • forcing movement beyond the available ROM • contraindicated for most healthcare personnel

  9. Principles of ROM • Check doctor’s orders • Know the patient diagnosis and rationale for ROM • Explain the procedure to the patient

  10. Principles of ROM • use good body mechanics • expose limb being exercised • support body part proximal to joint • use slow smooth rhythmic motion

  11. Key Factors for ROM • start ROM exercises on the unaffected side • start each movement in neutral position • use a firm comfortable grip while maintaining support of the extremity • avoid forcing beyond range • avoid overexerting patient • avoid skin friction • exercise just below point of pain, NOT beyond

  12. Key FactorsforROM • if rigidity occurs slightly decrease ROM until it subsides • stop if spastic contraction occurs • talk to patient to help them relax • expect heart rate and respirations to rise • exercise 2-3x’s daily, 5-10 movements(see physician’s or Physical Therapist orders) • document procedure & patient reaction

  13. Basic Terminology - ROM • Flexion • to bend a joint • Extension • to straighten a joint • Abduction • move away from midline of body • Adduction • move toward midline of body

  14. Basic Terminology - ROM • Horizontal Abduction • moving away from body in a transverse plane • Horizontal Adduction • moving toward body in a transverse plane

  15. Basic Terminology - ROM • Rotation • internal (medial) • pivoting inward along an axis • external (lateral) • pivoting outward along an axis

  16. Basic Terminology - ROM • Supination • rotate forearm, palm up • Pronation • rotate forearm, palm down • Opposition • oppose thumb tip to base of little finger (may be done to each individual finger tip)

  17. Basic Terminology - ROM • Eversion • sole of foot turned outward at the ankle • Inversion • sole of foot turned inward at the ankle • Dorsiflexion • an upward or backward motion of the ankle towards the hips • Plantar Flexion • a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle

  18. Example of Flexion • Elbow flexion • bend

  19. Example of Flexion • Knee flexion • bend

  20. Example of Flexion • Toes flexion • bend

  21. Example of Extension • Knee extension • straight

  22. Example of Extension • Head & Neck extension • straight

  23. Example of Abduction • Hip abduction • away from midline of body

  24. Example of Adduction • Toes adduction • toward midline

  25. Examples of Rotation • Head and Neck rotation • turning part on its axis Left Right

  26. Example of Rotation • Hip internal rotation • pivoting inward

  27. Example of Horizontal Adduction • Shoulder horizontal adduction • toward body in transverse plane

  28. Example of Supination • Forearm supination • rotate forearm, palm up

  29. Example of Pronation • Forearm pronation • rotate forearm, palm down

  30. Example of Opposition • Thumb opposition • oppose thumb tip base of little finger orto finger tip of each individual finger

  31. Example of Eversion • Ankle eversion • sole of foot turned outward at the ankle

  32. Example of Inversion • Ankle inversion • sole of foot turned inward at the ankle

  33. Example of Dorsiflexion • Ankle dorsiflexion • an upward or backward motion of the ankle toward the hips

  34. Example of Plantar Flexion • Ankle plantarflexion • a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle

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