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Timothy Grass: Characteristics, Uses, and Cultivation Tips

Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) is a cool-season perennial grass known for its use in hay, mixed hay, pasture, and silage. It is low in protein but higher in fiber as it matures. This hardy grass is well-adapted to the northeastern U.S., with a height of 20-40 inches, narrow leaves, and a rough-textured inflorescence. It is commonly grown in states like Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Indiana, and Iowa. Timothy grass requires seeding in early spring at a rate of 10-12 pounds per acre and should be planted 1/4 inch deep. Harvesting is typically done when cutting hay, with an average yield of 3-7 tons per acre. Despite its resilience, timothy grass is susceptible to diseases like stem rust and brown leafblight, as well as pests like grasshoppers.

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Timothy Grass: Characteristics, Uses, and Cultivation Tips

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  1. Timothy Grass (Phleum Pratense)

  2. Timothy Grass • Scientific name: Phleum pratense • Family: Gramineae(grass family) • Nickname: Herd grass • Originated in: New England • Plant type: Cool season grass • Life cycle: Long lived perennial • Grown in: Northeastern U.S.

  3. Leading States in TimothyProduction • Minnesota • Missouri • Ohio • Indiana • Iowa

  4. Uses and Utilization for Timothy • Hay • Mixed hay • Pasture • Silage • Low in protein • Higher in fiber as it matures

  5. Adaptation of Timothy • Hardy • Winter hardy • Drought susceptible • Grows well in all soils • Not competitive, can be overtaken • Grown in the northeastern U.S. • Cool season grass

  6. Physical Description • 20-40 inches tall • Thin, smooth stem • Shallow roots • Narrow leaves • Narrow cylindrical rough- textured inflorescence • Single Flower, pale green turning tan

  7. Seeding • Seed in early spring • Plant at 10-12 pounds per acre, or 2-6 pounds if mixed with other grasses or legumes • Plant 1\4 of an inch deep • Cost of seed:$0.81-$1.25 per lb. • 1,230,000 seeds per lb. • 45 lbs. per bu.

  8. Harvesting • Harvest when you cut hay • 3 cuttings per year • Yield: 3-7 tons per acre • Quality: fine stem, good hay

  9. Diseases and Insects • Stem rust • Brown leafblight • Grasshoppers

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