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ADJ 51

ADJ 51. Deviant Behavior. Explanation for Deviant Behavior. A person’s faith was being tested A person was receiving Divine punishment A person was being used to send a message to others The person was possessed “inferior blood”. How did society deal with Deviant Behavior?. Exorcism

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ADJ 51

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  1. ADJ 51 • Deviant Behavior session 1

  2. Explanation for Deviant Behavior • A person’s faith was being tested • A person was receiving Divine punishment • A person was being used to send a message to others • The person was possessed • “inferior blood” session 1

  3. How did society deal with Deviant Behavior? • Exorcism • Trephination • Burning at the Stake • Trial by Ordeal, whipping, branding, maiming session 1

  4. Criminology attempts to explain the origin, extent, and type and cause of crime session 1

  5. Criminology is the study of Law Making, Law Breaking and Law Enforcing session 1

  6. Criminology is • Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its scope the process of making laws, breaking laws an of reacting toward the breaking of laws…The objective of criminology is the development of a body of general and verified principles and of other types of knowledge regarding the process of law, crime and treatment. (Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey) session 1

  7. Theory session 1

  8. Theory • In general, scientific theories make statements about the relationship between two classes of phenomena. (Vold and Bernard 1986) • A theory is a set of interconnected statements or propositions that explain how two or more events or factors are related to one another (Curran and Renzetti 1994) session 1

  9. Theory • Theories define behavior • Theories affect legislation • Theories are scientific • Employment of Resources session 1

  10. Theories must employ • Logical Consistency • Scope • Parsimony • Testability • Empirical Validity • Usefulness • Policy Implication session 1

  11. Logical Consistency A theory must have clearly defined concepts and the logical statements are logically consistent. If a theorist claims “Prostitutes are mentally deficient and this deficiency creates this behavior” cannot state” Poor family socialization is the basic cause of prostitution”. session 1

  12. Scope • The scope of the theory refers to the range of the phenomena it is trying to explain. • The scope of the theory must cover the trend it addresses. session 1

  13. Parsimony • Use as few propositions as possible to explain the widest range of phenomenon. session 1

  14. Testability • A scientific theory must be testable by objective repeatable evidence. • A theory should not only fit known facts about crime, it must be subject to empirical falsification session 1

  15. Empirical Validity • A theory must be supported by research evidence • This is the most important concept of theory testing • A theory is seldom found to entirely true or entirely false session 1

  16. Usefulness and Policy Implications • Every Criminological Theory implies a policy change • Every treatment program, sentencing policy, criminal justice practice, police policy is somehow a theory guided practice. • Typically, the practice is a hybrid of theories. It is not uncommon for these theories to conflict. session 1

  17. Summary • Criminological Theories both theories of making and enforcing the law and why laws are broken. • The theories that explain making and enforcing are engaged in explaining laws and the criminal justice system. • The theories about why laws are broken are involved in criminal behavior. • Theories are for addressing why policies work, not philosophical statements about what ought to be done. session 1

  18. Summary • Empirical Validity is the most important evaluation criterion because statistics and events affirm a theory. session 1

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