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Fundamental Constants

Time Variation. Fundamental Constants. and their. Harald Fritzsch LMU Munich. particle physics nuclear … atomic … laser … solid state … astro … cosmology. fundamental constants =>. ==> chemistry, biology,. -. Fundamental constants. Standard Model. -. Standard Model.

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Fundamental Constants

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  1. Time Variation Fundamental Constants and their Harald Fritzsch LMU Munich

  2. particle physics nuclear … atomic … laser … solid state … astro … cosmology fundamental constants =>

  3. ==> chemistry, biology, ...

  4. - Fundamental constants Standard Model

  5. - Standard Model gauge theories

  6. - first gauge theory QED

  7. - Lagrangian

  8. - fine-structure constant

  9. - QED 2 fundamental constants

  10. 1964 ===> electroweak gauge theory

  11. SU(2) x U(1) Glashow Salam Weinberg 1964-1968

  12. SU(2) x U(1) 3 + 1 gauge bosons W(+) W(-) Z photon

  13. SU(2) x U(1) weak interactions electromagnetism neutral current

  14. - Electroweak theory origin of masses of leptons, quarks and W-bosons ???

  15. - Mass generation by spontaenous symmetry breaking

  16. scalar fields Mexican hat potential

  17. v Fermi constant

  18. - SU(2) x U(1) + 0 + 0 - 0 - gauge bosons massless scalars mass M

  19. - SU(2) x U(1) 0 + 0 - "Higgs" particle massive

  20. gauge theory of the Strong Interactions

  21. - 1964 quarks

  22. - 1971 Color quantum number

  23. - q=> q q q SU(3,c)

  24. b r g

  25. - - Hadrons - white states

  26. - 1971 - 1972 QCD Fritzsch & Gell-Mann

  27. ( 1995 in Berlin )

  28. 8 gluons

  29. - QED: photon - QCD: gluons

  30. - the proton mass as a fundamental constant ?

  31. -

  32. - proton mass ( quark masses = 0 ) QCD scale

  33. - ~ 300 MeV lattice QCD

  34. 938 = 860 + 21 + 19 + 36 + 2 MeV

  35. - 1973: Standard Model SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1)

  36. - Problems of the Standard Model

  37. - mass 1916 geometry

  38. - mass universal

  39. Standard Model two different types of mass generation

  40. mass by confinement QCD

  41. mass by spontaneous symmetry breaking SU(2) x U(1)

  42. proton weak boson ? <=mass=> H H

  43. problem of Standard Model 28 fundamental constants

  44. Newtons constant G 1 fine structure constant 1coupling constant of strong interaction 1coupling constant of weak interaction 1mass of W boson 1mass of Higgs boson 1masses of 6 quarks and 6 leptons 12 flavor mixing of quarks 4flavor mixing of leptons 6 - 28

  45. 28

  46. (22 related to fermion masses)

  47. - MeV masses 100 10 1

  48. fermion masses = 0 6 constants

  49. - Arnold Sommerfeld, 1916 fine-structure constant

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