The monitoring of greenhouse gases and governmental policies on controlling emission in China

1. The monitoring of greenhouse gases and governmental policies on controlling emission in China Renhe Zhang（张人禾） Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences （中国气象科学研究院）

2. Content • Climate change in China • GHGs monitoring in China • Governmental policies on controlling emission • Concluding remarks

3. Content • Climate change in China • GHGs monitoring in China • Governmental policies on controlling emission • Concluding remarks

4. Surface temperature Change in China 气候变化监测

5. Change of the Annual Mean surface temperature in 1957-2006 （单位：℃/50年） （中国气象局国家气候中心）

6. Precipitation Change in China （中国气象局国家气候中心）

7. Change of the Annual Mean Precipitation in 1957-2006 （单位：%/50年） （中国气象局国家气候中心）

8. Trends of Extreme Heavy Rainfall Days in China in 1957-2006

9. Haze Frequency Change in China Affecting traffic, electronic power and human health.

10. Content • Climate change in China • GHGs monitoring in China • Governmental policies on controlling emission • Concluding remarks

11. GAW Global & Regional Stations in China

12. Management GAW stations in China CMA Joint workshop Local government Scientific community Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Provincial Meteorological Bureaus Science & Technology Cooperation Operation & Logistic GAW Global & Regional stations Other network stations

14. LFS SDZ WLG LA China Atmosphere Watch（14 Key regions） National Centre for Network Observation Funded by MOST Project (2005.12-2008.12)

15. Atmospheric CO2 , CH4, CO monthly mean time series at Mt.Waliguan (WLG) & compare to Mouna Loa (MLO)

18. Atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio (2006-2007)

19. Atmospheric CH4 mixing ratio (2006-2007)

20. Time series of CO2 mole fractions used inNOAA’s CarbonTracker

22. Objectives ● Independent emission estimates (top down) for China CFCs, CCl4, CH3CCl3, Halons, HCFCs + current emissions, trends; + check on emissions reported to UNEP (bottom up) ● Improve global budgets for these trace gases (lifetimes, global sources) ● Contributions of these trace gases to global warming

24. Compounds currently measured at Shangdianzi Ozone-depleting Gases • CFCs: chlorofluorocarbons (C, Cl, F): CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113,CFC-115, CFC-114 • HCFCs: hydrochlorofluorcarbons (C, Cl, F, H): HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-124 • Halons: (C, Br, Cl, F): H-1301, H-1211 • Trichloroethane = methyl chloroform = CH3CCl3 • Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) • Chloroform (CHCl3) • TCE (C2HCl3) and PCE (C2Cl3) • Methyl bromide (CH3Br) Greenhouse Gases • CO2, CH4, N2O • HFCs: hydrofluorocarbons (C, H, F): HFC-134, HFC-152a, HFC-125, HFC-23, HFC-143, HFC-227ea, HFC-161, HFC-365mfc, HFC-245fa, HFC-236fa, and many more • PFCs: Perfluorated Hydrocarbons (C, F): CF4, C2F6, C4F8 • SF6 • CO Species in red: in-situ Species in blue: flasks

25. Preliminary results from SDZ, China Production and consumption of CFCs was banned on July 1st, 2007(China National Plan) CFC-11 July 1st 2007 2006 2007 2008 CFC-12 2006 2007 2008

26. Preliminary results from SDZ, China Production and consumption of Halons will be banned in 2010 Halon-1301 [ ppt ] 2006 2007 2008 Polluted Background

27. Preliminary results from SDZ, China Production and consumption of methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) will be banned in 2015 CH3CCl3 2006 2007 2008

28. Tang et al., 1993 Wang et al.，2003 Chen et al., ，1998 Chen et al., 2001 Wang et al.，2005 Wang et al.，1997 Chang et al.，2000 Some campaign sites in China

29. Compare with some campaign sites in China Comparing with other results CFC-12 CFC-113 CCl4 CH3CCl3

30. Compare with some AGAGE global sites Courtesy AGAGE: Mace Head / Cape Grim Observational data Red-Shangdianzi polluted、Black-Shangdianzi background Blue-Mace Head polluted、Light blue -Mace Head background Yellow-Cape Grim polluted、Pink-Cape Grim background

31. Compare with AGAGE results Mace Head Shangdianzi CH3CCl3 [ ppt ] Cape Grim

32. Compare with AGAGE results Mace Head Shangdianzi CH3CCl3 [ ppt ] total ban 50% Cape Grim freeze

33. Compare with AGAGE results Mace Head Shangdianzi 2015100% CH3CCl3 [ ppt ] freeze 30% 201070% total ban 50% Cape Grim freeze

34. Global and Chinese Emissions

35. Chinese CH3CCl3 Emissions

36. Chinese HCFC-22 Emissions

37. Content • Climate change in China • GHGs monitoring in China • Governmental policies on controlling emission • Concluding remarks

38. Meeting the challenge of climate change is one of the political tasks in China In 17th CPC Congress, President HU Jintao stress: • Meeting the challenge of climate change, • Raising the utilizing efficiency of resources, • Improving eco-environment substantially.

39. When President Hu Jintao visited Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau, he said: “Climate change is a hot topics in the world. You should conduct well research on it to guarantee the sustainable development of economics and society and to serve the people’s welfare and safety.”

40. On June 4, 2007, China distributes the State Council Document of the “National Plan for Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change”. China also established National Leading Group for meeting the challenge of climate change. Premier Wen Jiabao serve as the leader of the Group.

41. The Document requires the whole country: • to realize the importance and pressure of climate change, • to understand the requirement of implementation of the State Council Document, • to fulfil policies and measures in controlling GHGs emission, • to enhance the ability in adaptation of climate change, • to exert the role of science and technology, • to set up system and mechanism • to strengthen organizing and leading.

42. Main Contents of the State Council Document • Part 1 Present Status of Climate Change in China and Efforts in Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change • Part 2 Influence and Challenge of Climate Change to China • Part 3 Guidance, Principle and Goal for Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change in China • Part 4 China’s Policies and Measures for Meeting the Challenge of Climate Change • Part 5 China’s Basic Standpoint for some questions and International Cooperation

43. Measures taken in controlling GHGs Emission • adjusting the structure of economics, advancing the progress of technology, raising the efficiency of energy utilization • developing low carbon energy and clean energy, changing energy structure • tree planting and afforestation, ecology construction and protectation • family plan, controlling increasing of population • constituting related laws, regulations and policies • constructing system and organization • Strengthening research on climate change, and ability construction • Education and publicity of climate change

44. Achievement ——Some examples • Raising the energy efficiency — Energy consumption for 10,000YMB-GDP reduced 47% in 1991-2005, saving coal 8X108 tons and reducing emission of CO2 18X108 tons. 1% increasing of Unit GDP increases emission by 0.38%, lower than world average 0.6%. • Using clean energy — Utilization of clean energy in 2005 corresponding to reduce CO2 emission 3.28X108 tons. • Planting tree — Tree planting in 1980-2005 corresponds to absorb CO2 30.6X108 tons. • In 2006-2010, Energy consumption for Unit GDP will be reduced by 20%.

45. Content • Climate change in China • GHGs monitoring in China • Governmental policies on controlling emission • Concluding remarks

46. GHGs monitoring and its impact on climate change in Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science

47. International cooperation Launch of EU-China Year ofScience & Technology Policy ForumBrussels, 11-12 October 2006

48. Sino-Swiss Science and Technology Cooperation JOINT RESEARCH PROJECTS Sino-Swiss cooperation on monitoring of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (2SMONG) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (Empa) Shangdianzi, 2008.7.15