Agricultural Animal Classification: Organisms, Characteristics, and Scientific System

1. Classification of Agricultural Animals 1

2. Organisms • Identified, grouped, and classified • More effectively study and communicate about them • Plants and animals are classified or grouped together by characteristics they have in common 2

3. They may be characterized by • The uses people make of them • Physical characteristics • Other categories used to put similar animals together 3

4. Classification • Several ways of classifying agricultural animals • Agricultural animals have been domesticated for some type of human use • These animals have been developed into breeds having distinctive characteristics and distinctive uses 4

5. Scientific Classification • Binomial nomenclature: Giving two names in Latin • System developed by Swedish Botonist named Linnaeus 5

6. Binomial Nomenclature • Genus: First name, always capitalized • Species: Second name, always lowercase • Both are underlined! 6

7. Latin • Was used because at the time, it was the international language of scholars • Many languages of the world were based on Latin. 7

8. Example • Cattle: Bos taurus • Pigs: Sus scrofa • Horses: Equus caballus • Sheep: Ovis aries • Dogs: Canis familiaris 8

9. Common Names • Are often confusing • Different organisms can have similar or the same common name • Different parts of the country may have different common names for the same animal. 9

10. Scientific Classification • Orderly and systematic approach to identification • Broad groups of animals are classified together in categories of common characteristics 10

11. Scientific Classification • Each group is then broken down further into smaller categories • Process is repeated until the groups cannot be categorized into smaller groups. 11

12. Seven Levels of Classification • Kingdom- largest • Phyla or Phylum • Class • Order • Family 12

13. Seven Levels of Classification • Genus • Species- smallest 13

14. Kingdoms • Animalia: all multicelled animals • Plantae: multicellular plants that produce chlorophyll through photosynthesis 14

15. Kingdoms • Monera: bacteria and blue-green algae • Protista: paramecia and amoebae • Fungi: mushrooms and other fungi 15

16. Kingdom • The Kingdom animalia includes all animals ranging from a tiny gnat to huge whales. Because of this diversity we have to further subdivide into phyla. 16

17. Phyla • The primary divisions of the kingdom Animalia • The kingdom animalia is divided into twenty-seven phyla. 17

18. Phyla • The word phyla comes from the Greek word phulon meaning race or kind • Several phyla are divided into subphyla • Most agricultural animals belong to the phylum Chordata 18

19. Phyla • Chordata is divided into subphylas • Vertebrata – animals with backbones 19

20. Classes • The phyla and subphyla are further divided into classes. • Agricultural animals such as horses, cattle, goats, sheep, and pigs belong to the class Mammalia. 20

21. Classes • Amphibia: frogs, toads • Reptilia: turtles, snakes, lizards • Aves: birds • Mammalia: horses, cattle, pigs 21

22. Orders • Classes are divided into smaller groups that categorize animals within a class that possess certain characteristics called orders. 22

23. Order • The class Mammalia contains eighteen different orders including • Primates – humans • Artiodactyla – cows, goats, sheep, pigs 23

24. Artiodactyla • The order Artiodactyla have three suborders. • Suiformes: pigs, hippopotami 24

25. Artiodactyla • Tylopoda: camels, llamas • Ruminantia: deer, cattle, sheep 25

26. Families • Orders and suborders still have to be broken down smaller. These are called families. 26

27. Genus and Species • The final categories of the scientific classification system are genus and species. 27

28. Genus and Species • The Genus and Species are also an animal’s scientific name. • These are always Latin or latinized 28

29. Classification of Breeds • A breed of animals is defined as a group of animals with a common ancestry and common characteristics that breed true. 29

30. Classification of Breeds • Breeding true: means that the offspring will almost always look like the parents 30

31. Selective Breeding • Choosing the best and desired animals and using those animals for breeding purposes. 31

32. Purebreds • These are animals whose ancestors are of only one breed. 32

33. Breed Associations • An organization that promotes a certain breed of animal. They control the registration process of purebred animals of that breed. 33

34. Blood Typing • Not only physical characteristics are used in breed identification. • Blood typing is analyzing and animals blood to determine their history. 34

35. Crossbreeding • Sometimes species can be successfully crossed to produce new breeds. 35

36. Example • One of the first successful breeds: Santa Gertrudis, which a cross between Shorthorn breed of cattle with the Brahman breed of cattle. 36

37. Classification According to Use • Meat Animals • Work Animals 37

38. Classification of Horses • Cutting horses: used to heard and work cattle • Draft Breeds: used to pull wagons and heavy loads 38

39. Classification of Horses • Harness Horses: used for pulling sulkies or light carriages 39

40. Dual-Purpose Animals • An animal that is raised for more than one purpose. 40

41. Examples • Cows and Calves • Sheep • Camels (in the desert of the Middle East) 41