SOL Review

1. SOL Review

2. Bio.1 Scientific Method

3. Bio.1: Hypothesis: An “If …… then…” statement

4. Variables

5. Bio.2 Water: A polar molecule

6. Properties of water • High specific heat - water resists changes in temperature • Important to maintain body temperatures and cell temperatures • Climates with water like lake and ocean areas don’t vary as much in temperature • Cohesion – water molecules stick together because of their polarity • Makes surface tension, streams of water, beads of water • Adhesion – attraction of molecules to different substances • Water molecules stick to other things, like in xylem of plants

7. Enzymes: • Biological catalysts • Get chemical reactions started with less energy needed • Lower the activation energy of a reaction

9. Bio.2 Biochemistry: ATP/ADP Cycle

10. Bio.2 Biochemistry: Photosynthesis

11. Photosynthesis uses blue and red wavelengths of light

12. 6CO2 + 6H20  C6H12O6 + 6O2

13. Bio.2: Cell Respiration

14. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H20 • Makes 36-38 ATP

15. Bio.3 Cells Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

16. Bio.3: Cell Membranes

17. Animal and Plant Cells

18. Bio.3: Surface Area vs Volume

19. Passive processes (no energy needed) • Diffusion: movement of molecules from greater concentrations to lesser concentrations • Osmosis: movement of WATER molecules across a membrane from greater to lesser concentrations • Isotonic: the solutions on either side of the membrane are the same, so there is equal flow of water molecules • Hypotonic : the solution has a lower concentration of solute molecules than the cell does • Hypertonic: the solution has a higher concentration of solute molecules than the cell

21. Facilitated Diffusion - diffusion of molecules across a membrane using transport proteins

22. Active Transport (uses energy) • Endocytosis : taking in liquids or large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane

23. Exocytosis: release of substance by a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane

24. Bio.5 Mechanisms of Inheritance and protein Synthesis: Cell Cycle

25. Bio.5 Mechanisms of Inheritance and protein Synthesis: Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

26. Gamete Formation: Meiosis

27. Cell Specialization

28. Protostomes: mouth forms first • earthworms, mollusks like clams, oysters • Deuterostomes: anus forms first and mouth second • Echinoderms and chordates

29. Monohybrid Cross • Two tomatoes heterozygous for tall plants are crossed. Show the results with a Punnett square. List the genotypic and phenotypic ratios. Tallness is dominant, dwarfism is recessive.

30. Dihybrid Cross • Two tomato plants heterozygous for tallness and red color (yellow is recessive)are crossed. Show the Punnett square results. What fraction would be homozygous dominant? What are the overall phenotypic ratios?

31. Watson and Crick Rosalind Franklin

32. DNA

33. Chromosome Structure

34. Chromosomal Mutations

37. Making Recombinant DNA

38. Bio.6 Modern Classification systems • Most general to most specific • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species • 3 Domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

39. Bio.7 Evolution and Change in Populations over TIME • Fossil Record Evidence

40. Reproductive Strategies

41. Speciation

42. Adaptations : Homologous and Analogous

43. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

44. Phylogenetic Tree

46. Bio.8 Ecology

47. Limiting Factor • What you run out of… • Food • Water • Nesting space • Build up of wastes

48. “Boom or Bust” Population Curve

49. Nitrogen Cycle

50. CarbonCycle