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Welcome to STOICHIOMETRY

Welcome to STOICHIOMETRY. 2.25 cups flour 8 Tbsp butter 0.5 cups shortening 0.75 cups sugar 0.75 cups brown sugar 1 tsp salt 1 tsp baking soda 1 tsp vanilla 0.5 cups Egg Beaters. Chocolate Chip Cookies. 2.25 cups flour 8 Tbsp butter 0.5 cups shortening 0.75 cups sugar

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Welcome to STOICHIOMETRY

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  1. Welcome to STOICHIOMETRY

  2. 2.25 cups flour 8 Tbsp butter 0.5 cups shortening 0.75 cups sugar 0.75 cups brown sugar 1 tsp salt 1 tsp baking soda 1 tsp vanilla 0.5 cups Egg Beaters Chocolate Chip Cookies

  3. 2.25cupsflour 8Tbspbutter 0.5cupsshortening 0.75cupssugar 0.75cupsbrown sugar 1tspsalt 1tspbaking soda 1tspvanilla 0.5cupsEgg Beaters How much? Of what? What units? Chocolate Chip Cookies

  4. (177ºC) 1 batch of chocolate chip cookies! 2.25 cups flour + 8 Tbsp butter + 0.5 cups shortening + 0.75 cups sugar + 0.75 cups brown sugar + 1 tsp salt + 1 tsp baking soda + 1 tsp vanilla + 0.5 cups Egg Beaters unit substance coefficient (a synthesis reaction)

  5. For 1 batch: The Egg Beaters I have are close to expiring! I’d like to use the rest of them in this recipe. I have 1.5 cups of Egg Beaters. • 2.25 cups flour • 8 Tbsp butter • 0.5 cups shortening • 0.75 cups sugar • 0.75 cups brown sugar • 1 tsp salt • 1 tsp baking soda • 1 tsp vanilla • 0.5 cups Egg Beaters How many batches of cookies can I make with that many Egg Beaters?

  6. Let’s Revisit the Cookies… For 1 batch: I have 1.5 cups of Egg Beaters. • 2.25 cups flour • 8 Tbsp butter • 0.5 cups shortening • 0.75 cups sugar • 0.75 cups brown sugar • 1 tsp salt • 1 tsp baking soda • 1 tsp vanilla • 0.5 cups Egg Beaters How many batches of cookies can I make with that many Egg Beaters? 1.5 cups E.B. 1 Batch = .5 cups E.B. 3.0 batches of cookies

  7. What is Stoichiometry? • The study of quantitative relationships within chemical reactions • A balanced equation is the key to stoichiometry! • Tools you’ll need for this chapter: • Writing proper formulas and balanced reactions • Converting from mass to moles and vice versa

  8. Determining the Mole-Ratio • Mole-Ratio • Indicated by the coefficients in a balanced equation What is the mole-ratio between Mg and MgO? 2 mol Mg 2 mol MgO 2 Mg + O2 2 MgO

  9. Examples of Mole-Ratios 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 • What is the mole-ratio of KClO3 and KCl? 2 moles KClO3 2 moles KCl • What is the mole-ratio of KClO3 and O2? 2 moles KClO3 3 moles O2

  10. Another Example Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2 What is the mole ratio for silver nitrate and silver? 2 moles AgNO3 2 moles Ag What is the mole ratio for copper and silver nitrate? 1 mole of Cu 2 moles of AgNO3

  11. Conversion Chart MASS IN GRAMS NUMBER OF PARTICLES MOLES Molar Mass (g/mol) 6.02  1023 particles/mol Molarity (mol/L) LITERS OF SOLUTION The Mole-Mole Ratio is the core step!!

  12. Stoichiometric Calculations • There are three types of stoichiometry problems we will deal with today: • Mole-Mole problems • Mass-Mole problems • Mass-Mass problems

  13. Mole-Mole Problems • Step 1: Write a BALANCED EQUATION • Step 2: Determine known & unknowns • Step 3: Set up the mole ratio from the coefficients in the equation. • Step 4: Set up the problem like a unit conversion and solve!

  14. Mole-Mole Problems Example: 2 H2 + O2 2 H2O How many moles of water can be formed from 0.5 mol H2? .5 mol H2 2 mol H2O 0.5 mol H2O = 2 mol H2

  15. 3 2 3 Mole-Mole Practice CuSO4 + Al Al2(SO4)3 + Cu How many moles of CuSO4 are required to react with .5 moles of Al? Mole ratio 0.5 mol Al 3 mol CuSO4 = 0.75 mol CuSO4 2 mol Al How many moles of Al2(SO4)3 are produced from .5 moles of Al? Mole ratio 0.5 mol Al 1 mol Al2(SO4)3 = .25 mol Al2(SO4)3 2 mol Al

  16. 3 2 2 Mole-Mole Practice Ca + AlCl3 3 CaCl2 + Al How many moles of AlCl3 are required to react with 2.5 moles of Ca? 2 mol AlCl3 2.5 mol Ca 1.7 mol AlCl3 = 3 mol Ca How many moles of CaCl2 are produced from 2.5 moles of Ca? 3 mol CaCl2 2.5 mol Ca 2.5 mol CaCl2 = 3 mol Ca

  17. Mass-Mole Problems • Step 1: Write a BALANCED EQUATION • Step 2: Determine your known & unknowns • Step 3: Convert known mass to moles (molar mass-known) • Step 4: Convert known mole to unknown mole (Mole-Mole ratio)

  18. Mass-Mole Problems Example: 2 H2O 2 H2 + O2 How many moles of water can be formed from 48.0 g O2? 48.0 g O2 1 mol O2 2 mol H2O 3.00 mol H2O = 32.00 g O2 1 mol O2

  19. 3 2 3 Mass-Mole Practice CuSO4 + Al Al2(SO4)3 + Cu How many moles of CuSO4 are required to react with 13.5 g of Al? Mole ratio 1 mol Al 3 mol CuSO4 13.5 g Al 0.751 mol CuSO4 = 26.98 g Al 2 mol Al How many moles of Al2(SO4)3 are produced when 13.5g of Al react? 1 mol Al 1 mol Al2(SO4)3 13.5 g Al 0.250 mol Al2(SO4)3 = 26.98 g Al 2 mol Al

  20. 3 2 2 Mass-Mole Practice Ca + AlCl3 3 CaCl2 + Al How many moles of AlCl3 are required to react with 5.7g of Ca? 1 mol Ca 2 mol AlCl3 5.7 g Ca 0.095 mol AlCl3 = 40.08 g Ca 3 mol Ca How many moles of CaCl2 are produced when 5.7g of Ca react? 1 mol Ca 3 mol CaCl2 5.7 g Ca 0.14 mol CaCl2 = 40.08 g Ca 3 mol Ca

  21. Mass-Mass Problems • Step 1: Write a BALANCED EQUATION • Step 2: Determine your known & unknowns • Step 3: Convert known mass to moles (molar mass-known) • Step 4: Convert known mole to unknown mole (Mole-Mole ratio) • Step 5: Convert unknown mole to gram (molar mass- unknown)

  22. Mass-Mass Problems Example: 2 H2O 2 H2 + O2 How many grams of water can be formed from 48.0 g O2? 48.0 g O2 1 mol O2 2 mol H2O 18.02 g H2O 54.1 g H2O = 32.00 g O2 1 mol O2 1 mol H2O

  23. 3 2 3 Mass-Mass Practice CuSO4 + Al Al2(SO4)3 + Cu How many grams of CuSO4 are required to react with 8.5g Al? Mole ratio 1 mol Al 3 mol CuSO4 159.61 g CuSO4 8.5 g Al = 26.98 g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol CuSO4 75 g CuSO4 How many grams of Al2(SO4)3 are produced when 8.5g Al react? 1 mol Al 1 mol Al2(SO4)3 342.14 g Al2(SO4)3 8.5 g Al = 26.98 g Al 2 mol Al 1 mol Al2(SO4)3 54 g Al2(SO4)3

  24. 3 2 2 Mass-Mass Practice Ca + AlCl3 3 CaCl2 + Al What mass of AlCl3 is required to react with 1.9g of Ca? 1 mol Ca 2 mol AlCl3 133.33 g AlCl3 1.9 g Ca = 40.08 g Ca 3 mol Ca 1 mol AlCl3 4.2 g AlCl3 What mass of CaCl2 is produced when 1.9g of Ca react? 1 mol Ca 3 mol CaCl2 110.98 g CaCl2 1.9 g Ca = 40.08 g Ca 3 mol Ca 1 mol CaCl2 5.3 g CaCl2

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