1 / 18

Link State

Link State. CCNA Exploration Semester 2 Chapter 10 . Topics. Features and concepts of link state routing protocols Benefits and requirements of link state routing protocols. Routing protocols. Interior. Exterior. Distance vector. Link state. RIP v1 RIP v2 IGRP EIGRP. OSPF IS-IS.

jontae
Download Presentation

Link State

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Link State CCNA Exploration Semester 2 Chapter 10 S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  2. Topics • Features and concepts of link state routing protocols • Benefits and requirements of link state routing protocols S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  3. Routing protocols Interior Exterior Distance vector Link state RIP v1RIP v2IGRPEIGRP OSPFIS-IS EGPBGP S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  4. Distance vector and link state • Distance vector information is like having a signpost • Link state information is like having a map S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  5. Link state overview • Router sends information about its links – its directly connected networks – to all other routers • Every router builds up a picture of the topology of the routing domain • Every router works out its own best routes independently S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  6. Dijkstra (shortest path first) Router works out its own best path using a “cost” metric. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  7. Link state – finding routes • Learn its own directly connected networks. • Exchange Hello packets to contact neighbours. • Build a Link-State Packet (LSP) including neighbor ID, link type, and bandwidth. • Flood the LSP to all neighbours. Neighbors then flood the LSPs to their neighbors until all routers in the area know all the links. Store a copy of each LSP in a database. • Use the database to make a map of the topology and find the best path to each network. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  8. Link 2: Network 10.2.0.0/16 IP address 10.2.0.1 Type of network: Serial Cost of link: 20 Neighbours: R2 Link state information Find out about own directly connected networks S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  9. Exchange of Hellos • Hello messages let neighbours discover each other and become adjacent. • Hellos continue to show that the neighbour is still there. Hello Hello S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  10. Make link state packet • Assemble all link state information on directly connected networks and make up packet. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  11. Send and store link state packets • Flood packet to all adjacent neighbours. • Receive LSPs from neighbours and flood these out too. • All routers in the area receive information about all links in the area. • Each router stores the information in a database. • These databases should all be the same. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  12. Link state packets • Routers do not send each other their results of their calculations (as EIGRP does) • They forward the LSPs as they receive them. • After this initial flooding they do not send LSPs again unless the topology changes. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  13. Calculate routes • Each router takes the information from the topology database (same for all routers) • It works out a best route to each network, using the cost metric given for each link. • This gives a shortest path first tree which will be different for each router. • These paths go in the routing table. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  14. RouterF Via 172.16.11.0cost 2LAN Via 172.16.9.0cost 20to RouterE Via 172.16.10.0cost 2LAN Via 172.16.8.0cost 10to RouterD Via 172.16.5.0cost 20to RouterC Via 172.16.4.0cost 2LAN Via 172.16.7.0cost 2LAN Via 172.16.2.0cost 20to RouterA Via 172.16.0.0cost 10to RouterB Via 172.16.3.0cost 2LAN Via 172.16.1.0cost 2LAN Shortest path first tree • Tree has no loops • Least cost path to each network S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  15. Link state advantages • Builds a Topological Map of the area as a shortest path first tree so loops are unlikely. • Fast Convergence because Link-state Packets are flooded at once and calculation is done afterwards. • Event-driven Updates rather than regular updates. • Hierarchical Design with multiple areas to allow route summarisation and isolation of problems. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  16. Link state requirements • Requires RAM capacity to hold 3 databases. • Requires processor power for intensive calculations. • Bandwidth on initial flooding. • Use of areas can cut down the size of databases and the amount of processing on large networks, but this needs a skilled administrator. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  17. OSPF and IS-IS • OSPF was designed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) so intended for use with IP • IS-IS was designed by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) for use with the OSI protocol stack. Support for IP was added. Used by ISPs and carriers. • OSPF is included in CCNA, IS-IS is not. S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

  18. The End S Ward Abingdon and Witney College

More Related