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GSM-R

GSM-R. Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi 26 July 2014 Ola Bergman. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements. Agenda. Why GSM-R?.

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GSM-R

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  1. GSM-R Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi 26 July 2014 Ola Bergman

  2. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” 2

  3. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” 3

  4. Why GSM-R? • Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – manywellfunctioningbutincompatible and oldfashioned systems • Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system wasspecifiedduring the 90’s – GSM-R… • …and has beenrefined over the yearssincethen 2011-2014 2014-… 4

  5. Why GSM-R? • Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – manywellfunctioningbutincompatible and oldfashioned systems • Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system wasspecifiedduring the 90’s – GSM-R… • …and has beenrefined over the yearssincethen • GSM-R has proven to be “almost” optimal and utmost reliable for both Voice Communications and ETCS data transfer • GSM-R is Multivendor 5

  6. Why GSM-R? • Radio communications for train operation since the 70´s – manywellfunctioningbutincompatible and oldfashioned systems • Under UIC leadership a modern and compatible system wasspecifiedduring the 90’s – GSM-R… • …and has beenrefined over the yearssincethen • GSM-R has proven to be “almost” optimal and utmost reliable for both Voice Communications and ETCS data transfer • GSM-R is Multivendor • GSM-R has a verylargefootprint – in Europe and internationally • GSM-R is a truesuccess story! 6

  7. GSM-R is selected by more & more countries across the world GSM-R established GSM-R planned For internal use

  8. Over 70,000 km track record in GSM-R projects is unrivalled Australia, PTV Victoria, 500 km Belgium, Infrabel/SNCB, 4,000 km China, Ministry of Railways, 9,000 km Denmark, Bane-danmark, 3,000 km Finland, LiVi, 5,000 km Germany, DeutscheBahn AG, 7,000 km Greece, ERGOSE SA, 1.000 km Indian Railways and Kolkata Metro, 3,000 km Italy, Rete FerroviariaItaliana, 10,000 km Netherlands, Pro Rail, 3,000 km Norway, Jernbane-verket, 4,000 km Poland, PKP,1.000 km Portugal, REFER, 100 km Romania, CFR, 100 km Saudi Arabia RailwaysOrg. + NS mineral line, 4,000 km Spain, ADIF, 3,000 km Sweden, Trafikverket10,000 km Switzerland, SBB, 3,000 km Tunisia, SNCFT, 300 km Turkey, TCDD, 300 km

  9. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” 9

  10. GSM-R Renewals and Improvements • Ongoing in existing Networks/Systems • Shift to Internet Protocol IP • Introduction of Release 4 GSM-R Core, GPRS • Geographical Redundancy for Improved Core Availability • Renewal of RAN • Mitigation of Radio Interferences • Upgrades to ETCS L2/3 bearer capability • In Advanced Stage of Standardization • ER-GSM - Capacity Increase Option • ETCS over Packet Switching (GPRS/EDGE) 10

  11. Release 4 Core TDM* - Time Division Multiplexing, 3GPP** - 3rd Generation Partnership Project • Upcoming GSM-R Core Network is the evolution of legacy TDM* based Core to Packet Based Core – from Release 99 to Release 4 • The Bearer Independent Core Network architecture is defined by 3GPP* * in Release 4 specifications and since years widely deployed in public mobile networks around the world serving millions of subscribers • Physical Separation of thecontrol and signaling telecom layer - MSC Server from the bearer plane - Media Gateway • Release 4 is fully compliant with UIC EIRENE specifications and ERA GSM-R baselines • Release 4 is a major milestone towards Internet Protocol IP

  12. Geographical Redundancy Two geographically distant GSM-R Core Nodes to protect against Disasters GSM-R Core on Location A GSM-R Core on Location B

  13. NOKIA’s unique Geo-Redundancy Solution Meeting the highest Railway operational requirements Site 1 Site 2 Motivation Benefits NetActTM NetActTM Fully redundant core network Modernization oflegacy communicationsystems NT HLRand IN NT HLRand IN Load sharing with zero outage and seamless switchover IP backbone GSM-R has become a mission critical system GPRS GPRS Carrier-grade platformsusing proven state-of-the-art technology Higher requirements due to ETCS level 2 MSS &MGW MSS &MGW For internal use

  14. Incomparable end-to-end GSM-R portfolio Fixed transmission Intelligent Network (IN) Radio Core: Mobile SwitchingServer – Release 4based on 2nd gen ATCA ATCA2 Network Management GPRS network Flexi radio Microwave transmission

  15. Renewal of GSM-R Radio Access Network RAN • First GSM-R systems were deployed starting 1998 • Since then radio technology has improved significantly • Less power consumption, less footprint, improved functionality, better maintainability,... • Several Railways are updating/planning to update the Radio Access Network RAN, i.e. to renew the Base Station Subsystem BSS

  16. Nokia unique and modular BTS • Uniqueall-purpose BTS built with modules • An innovation reducingnetwork cost significantly • Extremely scalable configurations • Fully integrated IP transport • LTE support > 200 customerreferences Standard module 133 mm Operating temperature: -35°C to +50°C, temporarily +55°C 422-560 mm 447 mm • More than 90% of the material insideFlexi BTS can be recycled at end-of-life Weight approx. 15-25 kg For internal use

  17. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” 17

  18. ETCS over GPRS (EoG) – Packet Switching (1) • Ensure sufficient air interface capacity for ETCS L2/3 in hot spots… • …”sideeffect”: fast recovery of ETCS data exchangefollowingdisruption • Lab & Field tests wereperformed on NOKIA GSM-R network in Sweden already in February 2010 – feasibilitywas proven • Load test with up to four ETCS users (up- and downlink) sharingonesingle time slotwassuccessfullyperformedusingNOKIA GPRSequipment in Belgium in May 2010 Borlange Swedish Test Train Stockholm Swedish Test Route

  19. ETCS over GPRS (EoG) – Packet Switching (2) • Major project 2011 – 2014 and co-financed with around 6 M€ by European Union • New Specifications - Euroradio, Quality of Service, Test • Engineering Requirements • Laboratory and Field tests in Sweden, France, UK and Denmark and involving several GSM-R suppliers • Lab tests 10-14 March 2014 in Denmark using NOKIA GPRS infrastructure were executed very successfully with up to 5 ETCS users sharing one time slot • Border Crossing procedure exemplified by Sweden-Denmark • Packet Flow Control (PFC) feature, which allows to “set priorities” for different kinds of GPRS users, is included in NOKIA GPRS portfolio

  20. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” 20

  21. GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission GSM-R Network GSM-R Network MSC/VLR/HLR/… BSS BSS MSC/VLR/HLR/…

  22. 2. Train Controller GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission CAB radio GSM-R Network 1. MSC/VLR/HLR/… BSS

  23. GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission GSM-R Suppliers participating in 2014 IOT campaign GSM-R infrastructure GSM-R fixed dispatchers GSM-R mobile terminals

  24. GSM-R Inter Operability Testing (IOT) 2014 co-financed by the European Commission EIRENE 5/13 Issued 2000 EIRENE 6/14 Issued 2003 EIRENE 7/15 Issued 2006 EIRENE 7.4.0/15.4.0 EIRENE 7.3.0/15.3.0 Q1/ Q4 2005 2002 Q2/ Q4 2004 Q1 2007 Q1 2011 Q2 2011 Q3 2011 2014 • IOT Phase 3 Initial & Regression • NSN and Nortel - NSS/ NSS & NSS/ BSS EIRENE 5/13 • Inter PLMN connections tested • Additional features tested • GlobalIOT Phase X Specs • GSM-R NSS/ • NSS & NSS/ BSS & E to E • QoS • Global IOT Phase 1&2 • Nortel and NSN - NSS/ NSS & NSS/ BSS EIRENE 5/13 • Static roaming functionality • GSM services • Advanced Rail services • GlobalIOT & Field Phase 4.1 • Nortel BSS to NSN NSS EIRENE 6/14 • GlobalIOT Phase 9.3 • KCC BSS to NSN NSS EIRENE 7/15 • GlobalIOT Phase 9.2 • KCC NSS to NSN BSS EIRENE 7/15 • GlobalIOT Phase 9.1 • KCC NSS to NSN EIRENE 7/15NSS • GlobalIOT Phase 4.2 • Nortel NSS to NSN BSS EIRENE 6/14 • IOT Phase 3 extension • Focus on additional features (late entry, eMLPP, Call barring and Access Matrix, Class of Registration, …)

  25. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT The path towards “Next Generation” 25

  26. Why consider a Next Generation System? • GSM was specified in the 80’s … • …so soon reaching the mature age of 25 very well established… • …but not delivering the data capacity required by users today… • …and not using spectrum efficiently! • GSM is step by step in the coming decade(s) replaced by more modern 3G/4G technology 26

  27. Customers want LTE – and operators have started to deliver Broadband – as fast as athome and wherever I am …now with doubled speed Smartphones need fast networks everywhere… HD-video streaming, best content on the fastest and largest 4G network …with premium voice quality LTE comes with latest smartphones Pictures from operator consumer webpages (July 2013) For internal use

  28. LTE offers many benefits & the bandwidth for new services Lower cost for operators Better performance & user experience Latency 100 Mbps 150ms Throughput Cost per Mbyte <50ms >42 Mbps 10ms <1 Mbit GSM HSPA+ LTE GSM HSPA+ LTE Scalable bandwidth / re-farming Technology convergence Optimized spectrum usage GSM WiMAX LTE / LTE-Advanced 3G / HSPA TD-SCDMA 900 / 1800 MHz CDMA Tetra GSM LTE GSM 3G HSPA HSPA evo LTE For internal use

  29. Why consider a Next Generation System? • GSM was specified in the 80’s … • …so soon reaching the mature age of 25 very well established… • …but not delivering the data capacity required by users today… • …and not using spectrum efficiently! • GSM is step by step in the coming decade(s) replaced by more modern 3G/4G technology • We expect that GSM-R will be operated (and supported) until at least 2030… • …but to be prepared for the future it is anyway a well invested effort to seriously assess the different alternatives for a “Next Generation System” 29

  30. Why consider a Next Generation System? 2G – GSM, GPRS, EDGE 4G - LTE, LTE-A, … , 5G,… ～10 years GSM-R NG Specifications UIC, ERA, GSM-R IG, UNISIG, 3GPP R&D NG Pilot, IOT ～10 years 30

  31. Next Generation NG Assumptions (1) • Today’s GSM-R functionality as specified in EIRENE… • Functional Addressing • Location Dependent Addressing • Group Calls (Railway Emergency Call, All Drivers in the Area, …) • Carrying Safety Critical data of ETCS levels 2 and 3 • … • …must be supported one-to-one by the NG system, since • during a migration period lasting several years both systems will be in simultaneous service! • a train driver moving between GSM-R and NG areas shall not have to behave differently depending on location… • …but (at most) benefit from additional supporting services in NG areas! 31

  32. Next Generation NG Assumptions (2) • Additional new data services utilising the capacity of modern technology will however be part of NG, possible examples: • to transfer any relevant train data for maintenance and other purposes to ground • to support energy efficient (green) train driving • to transfer recordings of on board supervision cameras to ground • to transfer detailed travel information to passengers • to support conductors with info and ticket sales • to transfer safety supporting images to train drivers (level crossings…) • … • Surplus capacity could possibly even be made available to Passengers – hereby improving their Travel Experience 32

  33. Main drivers for a Next Generation Railway Communication System Broadband Applications • How will railway systems be operated in 10 years? • Increasing use of data apps and new operational services require efficient networks • LTE offers more than changing the radio interface Data applications – from LOW to HIGH bandwidth Security solutions ETCS Passengercounting Passengerinformation Video surveillance Train positioning Fleet management Train diagnosticmonitoring Online ticket sales Announcement updates Low bandwidth(CSD, SMS, GPRS) High bandwidth(LTE,…) Next Generation Railway Mobile Today For internal use

  34. Next Generation NG Assumptions (3) • NG will be a Cellular Mobile Network (just like GSM-R) • with radio base stations (cells) along the railway lines, in stations, shunting yards • possibly supported by satellite based services for special needs • NG will be an “application” on top of a regular Mobile Service • based on 3GPP services tailored for a much larger user community than only Railways • possibly a variant of Mobile Professional Radio used by Public Safety (police, fire brigades, …) and others (private and public users) 34

  35. Next Generation NG Assumptions (4) • NG will be owned and operated by Railways • public networks will presumably not guarantee the required 7d/24h availability • public networks are subject to continuous change (feature content, radio design, capacity enhancements,…) which harmonises poorly with Railway operation • NG could possibly reuse existing allocated GSM-R frequencies • sharing spectrum with GSM-R during migration Uplink Downlink 873 880 925 915 918 960 E-GSM GSM E-GSM GSM Public Users Public Users Railways Railways 35

  36. Safeguarding GSM-R Investments! (1) • Onboard Cab radio will be maintained, only upgraded • Driver’s Interface will remain unchanged • Additional radio module supporting the new technology • Possibly also new roof top antenna and cabling • … • Major parts of track side GSM-R network will be maintained • Base Station civil works, towers • Base Station transmission infrastructure • Core system civil works, sites • Most of Network Management , e.g. KPI supervision • … • Fixed Dispatcher Network will be maintained, only upgraded • Human Machine Interface will remain unchanged in general… • …slight additions in the menu navigation supporting the new radio technology • Very limited effort for training of operator staff 36

  37. Safeguarding GSM-R Investments! (2) • Railway staff already very experienced operating a Mobile Network • In total a very substantial part of the GSM-R investment will be reused! 37

  38. New Professional Radio Standardization in 3GPP • Critical Communications (ref GSM-R Group Call functionality) currently in 3GPP work for inclusion in Release 12 • Group Call System Enablers over LTE (GCSE_LTE) • ProSe • Mission Critical PTT over LTE (MCPTT) • This standardization is driven by Users and Suppliers of Public and Professional Mobile Radio aiming at one Common, Efficient, Fully Featured and User Friendly solution… • …aiming at many Users - potentially entire Public Safety Sector … • Interesting to follow progress with regards to a Next Generation system following after GSM-R 38

  39. Today’s activities towards a Next Generation • GSM-R Core architecture Rel 4 is introduced • Stepwise introduction of IP … • …now available on several interfaces interconnecting GSM-R subsystems, e.g. Train Controller system • ETCS over GPRS (that is over Packet Switching PS) is a stepping stone for… • …much better utilisation of radio resources • …making ETCS bearer independent 39

  40. GSM-R - Technology and Product Evolution supporting highest Reliability and Safety Requirements Agenda Why GSM-R? GSM-R Renewals and Improvements – core, radio, IP ETCS over GPRS – packet switching and IP GSM-R Interoperability/Compatibility Testing IOT Wrap Up 40

  41. GSM-R from Nokia The fast track to efficient railway communications Experience obtained from 56 GSM-R projects,including turnkey and network operations Strong commitment to GSM-R with long-term business and environmental vision Best-in-class products, R&D, and production facilities “One-stop-shopping” with e2e capability Number 1 Nu1 Active participation in European andinternational railway standardization Strategic cooperation with local partners for necessary services and products For internal use

  42. ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R • Some Railways (Deutsche Bahn, …) consider this as one option to increase capacity • NOKIA very actively contributing to amending 3GPP specs for ER-GSM • Co-existence with public bands with coordinated and un-coordinatedapproaches • Class Mark enhancement • NOKIA, KCC and Ericsson as mainplayers in GERAN of 3GPP in 2013 agreedabout the 3GPP specificationamendments • NOKIA Flexi BSS prepared for ER-GSM

  43. ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R Coordinated Approach: Power subject to ”negotiation” Uplink Downlink 873 880 925 915 918 960 E-GSM GSM E-GSM GSM Public Users Public Users Railways Railways

  44. ER-GSM: 3 MHz additional spectrum for GSM-R Un-coordinated Approach: Power following ”slope” Uplink Downlink 873 880 925 915 918 960 E-GSM GSM E-GSM GSM Public Users Public Users Railways Railways 918 921 Slope is 6 dB/MHz ifneighbour is GSM 11 dB/MHz ifneighbour is UTRA/E-UTRA - ~ 40 dBm

  45. EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (1) • EIRENE 7.3/15.3 currentspecificationin EU, • publishedby ERA&UIC April 2012, approved by RISC on 6 June 2012, included in the TSI on 6 November 2012, includes less (MI), UIC’s 7.1/15.1, complete EDOR spec • Next release recommended by ERA in Dec 2013 is EIRENE 7.4/15.4… • …in parallel with an ETCS Maintenance Release • Mostupdatedspecificationswerefinalised in April/May 2014 • ERA’s recommendation for GSM-R available on ERA web page • Decided in RISC meeting on 12-13 June 2014 • Legal status through TSI update in autumn 2014 summer 2015!

  46. EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (2) • EIRENE 7.4/15.4 (ERA BL 0.4) • CoreGeoRedundancy – Option • Rel 4 allowed in addition to Rel 99 - Option • eREC - Option • Border Crossing • ER-GSM – mentioned • Interference, only 4 MHz (the current GSM-R band) Mandatory for Interoperability (MI) also for Cab (in addition to EDOR) – willallow for external filters as planned in Sweden • Editorialimprovements, clarifications • Not yet 100% clarifiedexactlywhatwill be contained – UIC, ERA and GSM-R IG not yetfullyaligned (BX meetingyesterdaye.g)

  47. EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (3) • For Dec 2015 EIRENE 7.5/15.5 (BL 0.5) or 8/16 (BL 1.0) is planned • ETCS over GPRS • ShortenedVoiceinterruption at Cell Reselection of VGCS listener (SI10bis) – based on measurements • VoiceQoS, set-uptimes, both e2e and networkonly – based on measurements • Interference, improved Cab and EDOR receiver specification • Interference, enhancedrequirements on GSM-R RAN • Update of Subset 93 (ETCS QoSrequirements on GSM-R) and correspondingmeasurementspecification O-2475

  48. EIRENE Roadmap 27 June 2014 (4) • For Dec 2015 EIRENE 7.5/15.5 (BL 0.5) or 8/16 (BL 1.0) is planned • From ERA, certain Railways and NOKIA point of view - after this EIRENE frozen • UIC however has invited to workshop on 20 November 2014 to discuss GSM enhancements to improve air interface capacity and quality • …VAMOS, SAIC, NewTon, DARP

  49. Reported and anticipated problems with E-GSM, 3rd (UMTS) and 4th (LTE) generation mobile systems being deployed adjacent to GSM-R! • Industry (Sierrawireless ,Trio-Rail) has developed new radio modules for Cab/EDOR with highly improved protection against disturbances • Industry (Siemens among many) has developed 4MHz band pass filters to be installed between the roof top antenna and the Cab/EDOR (in Sweden such may be used) • The specificationchanges are likely to be • To solve intermodulation problem: • more robust Cab/EDOR radio module – ETSI TS almost finalised – EIRENE CR not yetelaborated (candidate for UIC managed EIRENE Maintenance Release in 2015) • allowed to limit also Cab to GSM-R frequency (4MHz) – i.e. to use 4MHz band pass filters – EIRENE CR agreed • To mitigateunwanted/spurious emissions: improved GSM-R coverage – to be discussedwithin GSM-R IG aiming at joint position Interference Solution for Co-existence with public 900

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