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DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE ARTILLERY METEOROLOGICAL EFFECTS APPLICATION David Sauter & Terry Jameson Army Research Labo

Computational and Information Sciences Directorate. Battlefield Environment Division. DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE ARTILLERY METEOROLOGICAL EFFECTS APPLICATION David Sauter & Terry Jameson Army Research Laboratory White Sands Missile Range, NM dsauter@arl.army.mil (505) 678-2078.

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DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE ARTILLERY METEOROLOGICAL EFFECTS APPLICATION David Sauter & Terry Jameson Army Research Labo

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  1. Computational and Information Sciences Directorate Battlefield Environment Division DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE ARTILLERY METEOROLOGICAL EFFECTS APPLICATION David Sauter & Terry Jameson Army Research Laboratory White Sands Missile Range, NM dsauter@arl.army.mil (505) 678-2078

  2. Computational and Information Sciences Directorate Battlefield Environment Division OVERVIEW • Background • Approach • Legacy Software Review • Software Validation • Implementation • Summary

  3. Computational and Information Sciences Directorate Battlefield Environment Division BACKGROUND • The atmosphere affects artillery round trajectories • These effects can be accounted for if surface and upper atmosphere level wind, temperature, pressure and moisture values are known. • Visually tracking a pilot balloon (PIBAL) can provide upper atmosphere winds. Other parameters can be extrapolated from a surface observation and employing thermodynamic principles.

  4. Computational and Information Sciences Directorate Battlefield Environment Division BACKGROUND (cont) • Artillery units use coded messages (METCM and METB†) to store, display and transmit this data. • United States Marine Corps (USMC) requires a backup means of computing the METCM and METB on a mobile device. • ARL tasked to provide assistance in Nov ‘04 † METCM = Computer Meteorological Message; METB = Ballistic Meteorological Message. These messages can then be used as input to other software to determine corrections to the firing azimuth and elevation.

  5. APPROACH • Review legacy USMC DOS based Back-Up Computer System (BUCS) software • Develop and test physics based algorithms on a laptop computer using the Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) language • Procure required mobile computing device (personal digital assistant [PDA] specified) and develop GUI using Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) • Rehost the MATLAB code as C++ on the PDA and test/validate results

  6. BUCS REVIEW • Wind derivation erroneous for first zone above surface • Other zone wind derivations from PIBAL azimuth and elevation readings OK • Extrapolation of surface moisture measurement to higher zones incorrect and meteorologically impossible in certain instances • Minor modifications to temperature and pressure extrapolations incorporated

  7. SOFTWARE VALIDATION • Legacy BUCS MET included sample input and resultant METCM message (METB not included in original BUCS) • Following slides provide comparisons between original and updated code for winds and thermodynamic variables • Winds are nearly identical while thermodynamic parameters include moderate differences (per previous discussion of code corrections)

  8. WIND COMPARISON WIND DIRECTION WIND SPEED BUCS BUCS BUCS BUCS ZONE MET-P MET DELTA MET-P MET DELTA mils mils mils kts kts kts 0 720 720 0 2 2 0 1 3810 3800 10 8 7 1 2 4090 4090 0 13 13 0 3 4310 4310 0 19 19 0 4 4680 4680 0 21 21 0 5 4830 4830 0 19 19 0 6 4780 4780 0 22 22 0 7 4550 4550 0 31 31 0 8 4800 4800 0 24 24 0 9 4810 4810 0 39 39 0 10 4840 4840 0 36 36 0 11 4900 4900 0 28 28 0 12 4770 4770 0 32 32 0 13 4860 4860 0 36 36 0 14 5030 5030 0 40 40 0 15 4970 4970 0 36 36 0

  9. THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE PRESSURE DENSITY BUCS BUCS BUCS BUCS BUCS BUCS ZONE MET-P MET DELTA MET-P MET DELTA MET-P MET DELTA deg K deg K deg K mb mb mb kg/m^3 kg/m^3 kg/m^3 0 309.9 309.8 0.1 1017 1017 0 1.143 1.144 0.000 1 309.1 309.2 -0.1 1006 1007 -1 1.134 1.135 -0.001 2 307.1 307.5 -0.4 978 980 -2 1.109 1.110 -0.001 3 304.1 304.9 -0.8 934 937 -3 1.070 1.071 -0.001 4 300.3 301.7 -1.4 883 887 -4 1.024 1.024 0.000 5 296.6 298.4 -1.8 833 838 -5 0.978 0.978 0.000 6 292.9 295.2 -2.3 786 791 -5 0.935 0.933 0.001 7 289.3 291.9 -2.6 741 746 -5 0.892 0.890 0.002 8 285.8 288.7 -2.9 698 704 -6 0.851 0.850 0.001 9 282.3 285.4 -3.1 657 663 -6 0.811 0.809 0.001 10 278.8 282.2 -3.4 618 624 -6 0.772 0.770 0.002 11 275.4 278.9 -3.5 581 587 -6 0.735 0.733 0.002 12 270.2 274.0 -3.8 528 539 -11 0.681 0.685 -0.005 13 263.5 267.5 -4.0 465 478 -13 0.615 0.623 -0.008 14 256.8 261.0 -4.2 408 421 -13 0.554 0.562 -0.008 15 250.2 254.5 -4.3 356 369 -13 0.496 0.505 -0.009

  10. SOFTWARE VALIDATION II • USMC Artillery unit at Ft. Sill conducted extensive independent testing and deemed results acceptable • Fielding of upgraded software to ~200 USMC units is underway

  11. PDA IMPLEMENTATION • Ruggedized (Talla-Tech) Hewlett Packard 5550 PDA (and compatibles) • Microsoft Embedded Visual C++ 4.0 Integrated Development Environment (compiler and GUI builder) • Hewlett Packard Mobile Printing for Pocket PC • METCM output saved as XML file

  12. GUI EXAMPLES Input screen with Soft Input Panel PIBAL entry screen METCM Output

  13. SUMMARY • ARL designed and developed an updated BUCS application for the USMC to include: - METCM and METB - Corrected wind and thermodynamic calculations - Print and XML capability - Mobile implementation on a PDA • Future efforts may involve the use of upper air gridded climatological data to supplement missing or incomplete observations and/or automatically ingest PIBAL azimuths and elevations from an electronic theodolite

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