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EDUA 2800 . A13 Psychology of Learning and Instruction II: Inclusive Special Education. Hierarchy of Presuppositions. Hierarchy of Presuppositions. Hierarchy of Presuppositions. Theoretical Assumptions. Theoretical Assumptions. Examples of Models, Practices, & Tools. Behaviorist Tools.
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EDUA 2800 A13 Psychology of Learning and Instruction II: Inclusive Special Education
Impairment • Genetics • Trauma • Toxins • Disease • Neglect • Abuse
Ecology • Micro-system – gender, age, health, family, friends, individual prostheses, supports, technologies, etc. • Meso-system – school supports, community access, community services, peers, neighbours, etc.
Ecology • Exo-system – social services, health care system, social safety net, legal rights, etc. • Macro-system – legal/constitutional rights/protections, societal attitudes, cultural norms, etc. • Chrono-system – change of Micro-, Meso-, Exo-, and Macro- systems over time and individual and social human development
Provisions • Educational resources • Educational personnel and expertise • Accessibility • Technology • Professional development • Universal Design materials • Adapted and modified materials
Personal Resources • Family • Extended family • Friends and peers • Advocacy and services groups • Personal technologies • Specialist supports • Abilities, gifts, talents, skills, etc.
Low Incidence Disabilities • Intellectual Disability • communications • academic learning • independent living • social skills • community presence • health and safety • leisure • work • self-determination
Low Incidence Disabilities • Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive Developmental Disorders) • intellectual disability • language and non-verbal communications • social relationships • sensory stimulation processing and behaviour • retention and generalization of learning • Asperger’s Syndrome • more normal language development & cognition
Low Incidence Disabilities • Orthopedic Impairments • Cerebral Palsy • congenital limb absence – amputation • curvature of the spine • hip conditions • muscular dystrophy • Rheumatoid arthritis • Spina bifida • spinal cord injury
Low Incidence Disabilities • Health Impairments • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • Asthma • heart conditions • Epilepsy • Hemophilia • toxic poisoning • Luekemia • metabolic disorders • childhood cancers
Low Incidence Disabilities • Blind and low vision • Deaf and Hard of Hearing
Commonalities of Low Incidence Disabilities • clear definition • accurate differential diagnosis • discipline based advocacy, research, service • credentialed professional service providers • service & school based resources & funding mechanisms • advanced intervention development • medications • technology • therapy • advocacy • instructional methods • instructional resources • instructional personnel supports
High Incidence Disabilities • Learning Disabilities • problems in listening, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, and/or calculating • motor abilities deficits • memory problems • problem-solving and meta-cognition • social-emotional problems
High Incidence Disabilities • Speech-Language Disabilities • receptive language • expressive language • language processing
High Incidence Disorders • Emotional - Behavioural Disorders • learning disabilities • difficulty in relationships • inappropriate behaviour • inappropriate emotional responses • internalizing or externalizing
High Incidence Disorders • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder • inattentive type • inattentive • fails to follow directions • easily distracted • forgetful • disoriented in time and space • hyperactive-impulsive type • fidgets and squirms (difficulty staying seated) • difficulty with waiting, turn-taking, sharing • intrudes, interrupts, talks excessively • runs, climbs, cuts in • difficulty with quiet play/work • combined type
Other Special Needs • Gifted & Talented • high language development • persistent & goal directed • sensitivity to others • sense of humor • intuitive, insightful, emotional depth • creative • leadership skills
Other Special Needs • At-risk students • substance abuse (alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, etc.) by self, family members. • criminal subculture (self, family or peers) • school suspension or expulsion • arrest • frequently absent • pusher
Other Special Needs • Self-esteem issues • suicide attempt by self, family member, peer • negative self-esteem • older than grade peers • uneducated parents • poverty • belongs to a devalued group • Academic problems • grade retention • course failure • low standardized test scores • low GPA • school migrancy • dropped from extracurricular team, club or opportunity
Other Special Needs • Family problems • parental unemployment • parents separated, divorced, at odds • parents uneducated • parental illness, disability, mental health problem • recent death in family • poverty • Abuse and neglect • food, shelter, clothing, hygiene, safety, sleep, security • high risk neighbourhood • high risk peer culture