Earth’s Layers & Rocks

1. Earth’s Layers & Rocks By: Brianna Shields October 7, 2005

2. DO NOW • 1. The variables in an experiment that are kept the same between each part of the experiment are called….? • 2. The variable that is measured as a result of an experiment is called…? • 3. How do you label the volume of a liquid?

3. GOAL • To draw and label the parts of the Earth • To become familiar with how to identify different rocks and minerals by describing their characteristics

4. Layers of the crust Lithosphere- solid rock, minerals and soil Earth’s Layers

5. Layers of the crust Hydrosphere- liquid part, with oceans and water Earth’s Layers

6. Layers of the crust Atmosphere- layers of gas surrounding the earth Earth’s Layers

8. Interior Layers Crust- loose rocks and soil on earth’s surface Earth’s Layers

9. Interior Layers Mantle- below crust, hard but flexible molten rock Earth’s Layers

10. Interior Layers Outer core- melted metals, below the mantle Earth’s Layers

11. Interior Layers Inner core- solid metal, pressure is so high, liquids are squeezed into solids Earth’s Layers

12. Atmospheric Layers Made of N, O, CO2 and H Earth’s Layers

13. Atmospheric Layers Farthest: Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Earth’s Layers

14. Atmospheric Layers Stratosphere- contains ozone layers which block sun’s UV radiation that causes skin cancer Earth’s Layers

15. Atmospheric Layers Troposphere- Where weather occurs Earth’s Layers

16. Air Pressure Decreases as you go farther from earth’s surface Earth’s Layers

17. Assessment One • 1. Name the 3 spheres of the Earth • 2. Describe the Earth’s top two interior layers • 3. Describe the Earth’s bottom two interior layers • 4. Compare the stratosphere and troposphere • 5. Explain what happens to pressure as you exit the earth’s surface

18. Rock Cycle Igneous- formed when magma rises to the earth’s surface & hardens Ex: granite, basalt, pumice, obsidian The Rock Cycle

20. Rock Cycle Sedimentary- layers of rock fragments pile up and begin to harden and cement together Ex: shale, sandstone, conglomerate & limestone The Rock Cycle

22. Rock Cycle Metamorphic- existing rocks are changed into new types because of great heat & pressure Ex: quartzite, marble & slate The Rock Cycle

24. Assessment Two • Look at the rock cycle in your notes • Connect each rock type with the geological process that transforms the rock

27. Acid Test Whether minerals bubble when acid is dropped on them Mineral Characteristics

28. Color Color of a mineral Mineral Characteristics

29. Crystal Shape The natural formation of the particles/crystals Mineral Characteristics

30. Density The mass of a mineral compared to its volume Mineral Characteristics

31. Hardness How a resistant a mineral is to being scratched Mineral Characteristics

32. Luster The way a mineral reflects light (metallic or nonmetallic) Mineral Characteristics

33. Cleavage The patterned way a mineral splits Mineral Characteristics

34. Streak The color of powder left by a mineral when rubbed on a rough tile Mineral Characteristics

35. Assessment Three Cleavage? Luster? Streak?

36. Ozone Depletion CFC’s from aerosols & refrigerants break down the ozone layer Problems with the Atmosphere

37. Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming Excess CO2 pollution in air blankets the earth, trapping in heat and raising the temp Problems with the Atmosphere

38. Homework • “What do you think is the most significant problem caused by global warming?” • Defend your opinion with atleast one piece of evidence • You may use a computer, newspaper, magazine, etc. • You must post your opinion on Mrs. Shields’ Weblog