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Secure Real-Time Routing Protocol with Load Distribution (SRTLD) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

Secure Real-Time Routing Protocol with Load Distribution (SRTLD) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). By ADEL ALI Supervisor : PROF. DR. NORSHEILA BINTI FISAL. Contents. Introduction Problem statement Objective, scope and significance of the research Literature review Related work

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Secure Real-Time Routing Protocol with Load Distribution (SRTLD) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

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  1. Secure Real-Time Routing Protocol with Load Distribution (SRTLD) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) By ADEL ALI Supervisor: PROF. DR. NORSHEILA BINTI FISAL

  2. Contents Introduction Problem statement Objective, scope and significanceof the research Literature review Related work Research methodology Design of SRTLD in WSN Simulation study and preliminary results Future work Expected results Conclusion

  3. Introduction

  4. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) • WSN is a wireless ad hoc network that composes of a large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed either inside the event area or very close to it. • Each sensor node has one or many different types of sensors. Each node is physically small, with limitation on power, memory and processing capabilities,

  5. Low power signal processing Low power computation Short-range communications capabilities Modest irreplaceable energy budget Linked by some wireless medium: radio, infrared, ultrasound, etc. Sensor Node features

  6. Types of sensors • Pressure • Temperature • Light • Bio-sensors • Chemical • Acoustic • Accelerometers • Seismic • Metal detectors • Personal motion detectors

  7. WSN and IEEE 802.15.4 • The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol specifies the Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer and physical layer • Targets for Low-Rate Wireless Private Area Networks (LR-WPAN) with low power consumption, low cost wireless networking that fits the requirements of WSN. AODV or Cluster-Tree

  8. IEEE 802.15.4 Physical Layer

  9. Overlapping with IEEE 802.11 Channels 25, 26 are non-overlapping Overlapping between 802.11 and 802.15.4 if the distance is less than 8m

  10. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Sub layer

  11. IEEE 802.15.4 Message Structure • Message frame type: • Data • Acknowledgement • Beacon • MAC

  12. Network Topologies • WSNhas a peer-to-peer topology and a star topology. • A peer-to-peer topology consists of sensor nodes that are connected with each other without infrastructure. Since the nodes in a network can serve as routers and devices, they can forward the packets on behalf of the other nodes. S D Peer-to-peer topology

  13. A star topology consists of coordinator (PAN) sensor node and number of sensor devices which only communicate with its coordinator. The PAN coordinator dispatches the sensory data to the destination. Star topology

  14. The sensory data is valid only for a limited time duration, and hence needs to be delivered within such time bound called deadline WSN demands real-time communication which means messages in the network are delivered according to their end-to-end deadlines (packet lifetime) Why Real-Time communication in (WSN)

  15. Why Security in WSN • Security is the most difficult problem to solve in WSN due to limitation in memory, processing and power. • Network layer attacks • manipulating routing information, • selective forwarding, • Sybil, • sinkhole, • wormhole, and • Hello flooding (unidirectional) attacks

  16. Problem Statement • WSNs are restricted to limited memory, processing and power • WSNs have unreliable links and highly unpredictable communication delays due to • limited bandwidth, and • link quality heavily influenced by environmental factors. • WSN applications must operate for months or years without wired power supplies. • The important data must delivery within real-time • WSN routing protocols are quite simple, and for this reason are susceptible to several kinds of attacks

  17. Objective • To design a routing protocol that will provide real-time data transfer for WSN. • To develop security in the proposed real-time routing. • To develop low rate WSN that will achieve high delivery ratio while utilizing low packet overhead and low power consumption.

  18. Scope • Mathematical Study • Simulation Study • Performance Study • Test Bed Implementation • Test and Verification

  19. Implementation plan

  20. Significance of the research • Military environments • Target monitoring • Early detection of biological, chemical, or nuclear attack detection • Civilian environments • Emergency operations • Fire fighting • Flooding detection • Earthquake detection • Water and Air pollution

  21. Literature Review

  22. Routing in WSN • Challenges • It is not possible to build a global addressing scheme for the deployment of a large number of sensor nodes as the overhead of ID maintenance is high. • Position awareness of sensor nodes is important since data collection is normally based on the location. • Data forwarding and data redundancy • Power consideration (minimize broadcasting) • Security • Classification of routing protocol based on structure • Flat network • Location-based • Hierarchical

  23. Related Work

  24. Research Methodology

  25. System Design and Results

  26. Proposed Model of SRTLD

  27. a Y i b X c 1. Geographical Location Management Location Tracking for One hop

  28. 2. Routing Management State Machine diagram for routing management

  29. Cont… Neighbor Discovery Neighbor Table

  30. Cont… Parameters of selection next hop • Velocity • PRR • Power Remaining

  31. Cont… • Flow chart diagram of unicast forwarding mechanism

  32. Cont… • Unicast forwarding • Geodirectional-cast forwarding

  33. Cont… Routing Problem Handler • Network holes problem • If the diameter of the hole is smaller than the transmission range at the maximum power, then SRTLD will identify a maximum transmission power that is sufficient to transmit the packet across the hole.

  34. 3. Neighborhood Management Maximum size of neighbor table is 300 bytes (20 sensor nodes)

  35. 4. Power Management • Sleeping mode is used to save the power. • If the sensor nodes reply to neighbour discovery beacons, they will not sleep until the session of routing is finished (not receive neighbour discovery beacons for two periods time)

  36. 5. Security Management • Security based on authentication Transmitter Receiver H(x) H-1(x) Original message Hash message original message • Security should consider the time constrain in real-time routing • SRTLD has built-in security due to random selection for the next hop

  37. Comparison between SRTLD and related work

  38. Simulation Study of RTLD (without security) Network simulation model

  39. Preliminary Results • Baseline real-time routing • MM-SPEED (multiple communication speeds) • LQ (link quality) • RTPC (real-time power control) • RTLDU (RTLD with unicast forwarding) • RTLDG (RTLD with geodirectional-cast forwarding) • Performance Analysis: • Packet Delivery Ratio • Normalized Packet Overhead • Energy consumption

  40. Cont… • Impact of varying the network load

  41. Cont… • Effect of Remaining Power

  42. Cont… • Enhancement of RTLD

  43. Future work • SRTLD test bed: • 25 sensor nodes • Laptop with NesC compiler and TinyOS • TOSSIM Interface board MICAz Sensor board

  44. Cont… Antenna MMCX connector Logger Flash ATMega128L controller Analog I/O Digital I/O 51-Pin Expansion Connector Freq. Tunable Radio LEDs MICAz sensor board specification • Microprocessor: Atmel ATmega128L • 7.3728 MHz clock • 128 kB of Flash for program memory • 4 kB of SRAM for data and variables • 2 UARTs (Universal Asynchronous Receive and Transmit) • Serial Port Interface (SPI) bus • Dedicated hardware I2C bus • Radio: Chipcon’s CC2420 • External serial flash memory: 512 kB • 51-pin expansion connector • Eight 10-bit analog I/O • 21 general purpose digital I/O • User interface: 3 programmable LEDs • JTAG port • Powered by two AA batteries • 1850 mAh capacity

  45. Test bed Results

  46. Test bed Results

  47. Expected Results • SRTLD :- A secure real-time routing protocol that has high throughput • Distribute load forwarding to avoid packet dropping due to power termination in specific forwarding candidate • A routing protocol that prolongs network’s lifetime. • A real practical implementation of SRTLD in a test bed network.

  48. Conclusion WSN applications require delivery of various types of sensory data with different levels of real-time requirements because the sensory data is valid only for a limited time duration. This research proposesSRTLD which is a novel real-time routing protocol which combines link quality, remaining power, packet velocity and securityin WSN SRTLD will prolong network’s lifetime using distribution load forwarding. SRTLD will provide efficient power consumption, high packet delivery ratio and minimum control packet overhead in WSN.

  49. Publication Journal • Real Time Routing Protocol with Load Distribution in Wireless Sensor Network, Computer communications, Elsevier 2006, In Press • Real Time Routing Protocol with Load Distribution in Wireless Sensor and Ad hoc Networks,Journal Teknologi, 2006, In Press Conference • Geocasting and forwarding Strategy in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Based on Indoor Location Tracking, ROVISP 2005, Malaysia, June 2005 • Real Time Routing Protocol with Power Adaptation (RTPA) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN),ICOCI 2006, Malaysia, June 2006 • Quadrant-based Geocasting and Forwarding (QGF) Strategy in Mobile Ad Hoc Network, ICT 2006, Madeira Island, Portugal, May 2006 • Development of an Indoor GPS-free Self-Positioning System for Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), MICC-ICON 2005, Malaysia, November 2005 • Implementation of a Quadrant-Based Directional Routing Protocol (Q-DIR) In Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network , NCS 2006, Thailand, March 2006

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