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Things you should know about operating systems

Things you should know about operating systems. Yasushi Saito. What’s dead Microkernel File systems Distributed OS Persistent OS Single address space OS Distributed checkpointing/rollbacking Distributed shared memory Extensible OS. What’s hot Web-related tuning Distributed caching

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Things you should know about operating systems

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  1. Things you should know about operating systems Yasushi Saito

  2. What’s dead Microkernel File systems Distributed OS Persistent OS Single address space OS Distributed checkpointing/rollbacking Distributed shared memory Extensible OS What’s hot Web-related tuning Distributed caching Multimedia Clustering Storage service Binary rewriting, machine emulation Mobility & adaptation Executive Summary Trend towards solving “real” problems

  3. Web stuff OS behavior under very heavy network load • Zero-copy I/O: fbufs, I/O lite (Pai/Drushchel@rice),sendfile(2) (many commercial UNIX) • Decouple process mgmt & resource mgmt (really not specific to web…) • Eg, fair-share-schedule server and CGI as a unit • Performance isolation (Verghese@WRL), resource container (Banga/Druschel@rice), Rialto (Jones@msr), etc

  4. Web stuff • Polling vs interrupt: • interrupt can thrash the server under heavy load • Mogul/Ramakrishnan @WRL, Soft timers (Aron/Druschel@Rice) • Hacking select(2), accept(2) (Banga/Druchel) • Squid spends ~50% of CPU there • Clustering, load balancing: Fox@UCB/Stanford, LARD(Rice)

  5. Distributed Caching • Why? • CPU & network are fast, but disk is slow • GMS (Feeley/Voelker@UW), xFS(tom@Berkeley): Cooperative file caching • Petal/Frangipani(SRC): Distributed disk • Cooperative web caching (Wolman/Voelker@UW): limited benefit (log hit-rate increase wrt client population)

  6. Clustering • Two uses: number crunching and Internet serving • Number crunching: • NOW (Berkeley) • Internet service Driven by commercial demand, research issues not really understood • Database cluster (many) • Web server cluster (many) • Porcupine(me): automatic failover by dynamic data distribution

  7. Devices Add brain to device • Active disks(many): sorting, joining, etc • SPINE(mef@UW): programmable network • IRAM (Berkeley): compute on memory Misc • Petal (SRC): distributed virtual disk w/ failover and load balancing • Virtual LFS disk (Wang@Berkeley/Princeton) • Logical volume management, system area network(SAN)

  8. Binary rewriting, machine emulation, etc • Virtual machine emulation (Rosenblum@Stanfond) : • SimOS, VMware: emulates the entire machine • Disco: run SMP OS on NUMA cluster • Binary rewriting • Eraser (Savage@UW): dynamic race detection • Etch (UW): atom for i386 • Kimera (egs@UW): distributed Java virtual machine • Shasta (SRC) : DSM converter for commercial SMP app • Low-level performance measurement • DCPI (SRC/WRL): pinpoint cache miss, pipeline stall, etc

  9. Mobility/Adaptation • Adapting to changing network quality, battery life: Odyssey (Satya@CMU) • changing image resolution, sound quality, controlling screen lighting • Mobile database: • low-bandwidth communication • any-to-any reconciliation • Bayou (PARC), Roam (UCLA)

  10. Multimedia support • CPU scheduling Combining real time and fair-share scheduling BVT, SMART (Duda,Nieh@Stanford) • File system extent-based allocation rate guarantee • Clustering to improve load balance Tiger (Bolosky@MSR), RIO (UCLA)

  11. Local interest Alec Wolman : cooperative web caching E. Gun Sirer: Kimera Marc Fuiczynski: SPINE Ashutosh Tiwary: Perf. evaluation of OODB Przemek Pardyak: Benchmark generation Yasushi Saito: Porcupine

  12. Micro/distributed/persistent/extensible OS: No killer apps File systems People are satisfied DSM&checkpointing: Degenerated into minor protocol tweaking Exceptions: Elephant (UBC): file system that never forgets Shasta (SRC): converts MT app to DSM app. What’s dead?

  13. Conference/Workshop to Watch For • Symp. on Op. Sys. Principles (SOSP) • Op. Sys. Design and Impl. (OSDI) • USENIX Technical Conf. (USENIX) • USENIX Symp. on Internet Tech. and Sys. (USITS) • ASPLOS • ISCA, SC, SIGMOD, VLDB, SIGCOMM, FTCS, PLDI, …. • Workshop on Hot topics in Op. Sys & SIGOPS European workshop

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