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LOGIC

Explore the science and art of critical thinking with Prof. Simeon C. Bernados, Jr. Learn about the factors affecting analytical thinking and the importance of logical reasoning in our existence. Challenge your beliefs and enhance your ability to think objectively.

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LOGIC

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  1. LOGIC Art and Science of Critical Thinking PROF. SIMEON C. BERNADOS, JR. CHAIR, HUMANITIES, SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMAN KINETICS CAS, CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

  2. VISION, MISSION, GOALS OF CTU Mission: Provide advanced professional and technical instruction for special purposes, industrial trade, teacher education, agriculture, fishery, forestry, engineering, aeronautics and land-based programs, arts and sciences, health sciences, information technology and other relevant fields of study. It shall undertake research, production and extension services, and provide progressive leadership across the areas of specialization for global empowerment

  3. VISION The center of excellence and development in research, instruction, production, and extension services for progressive leadership transcending global technological, business and industry-driven education.

  4. GOAL Produce knowledge-based and globally competent human resource who are reasonably flexible and attuned to the latest technology needs; strengthen academe and industry partnership; and spur effective and efficient technology management.

  5. WHERE SHALL WE PLACE ‘LOGIC’ IN THE VMG OF THE UNIVERSITY?

  6. A science and art of critical/analytical thinking DEFINITION LOGIC

  7. FACTORS AFFECTING ANALYTICAL THINKING • Family upbringing • Peer pressure • Fads and craze • Socio-cultural influences • Education • Religion • Hierarchy

  8. LET’S TRY. . . . Romantic love is a natural part of human experience, and is therefore found in all societies, in close connection with marriage.

  9. LET’S TRY. . . . In all societies, some people will be unhappy or depressed; therefore, rates of suicide will tend to be the same throughout the world

  10. WHAT CAN BE SAID OF THE TWO STATEMENTS? FALSE

  11. Implications • Logical thinking is vital to man’s existence • It is essential for the development of the human mind • Without the intellect: • Man will be devoid of morality. • Man will be just be any plain animal.

  12. LET’S TRY THIS. . . Say something about the following statements below. • I believe that there is God because the Bible says so. • Doctors say that exercise is good. Therefore, everybody must exercise. • I believe that nothing is impossible with God. Therefore, God can tell a lie.

  13. SOME MORE. . . • Students should be allowed to open their books during examinations. After all, surgeons have X-rays to help them during operations, engineers have blueprints to guide them during construction, and teachers have books when they do prepare their lessons. Why do students are not allowed to open their books during examinations?

  14. WHAT IS LOGIC THEN? • ORGANON (Aristotle) • The science of principles, laws, and methods which the mind of man in its thinking must follow for the accurate and secure attainment of truth (Bittle, 1950)

  15. Hence: Logic = tool for the accurate and secureattainment of truth. Note: Therefore, the mind must be freed from all prejudices or biases.

  16. What does it mean to be OBJECTIVE? Any Mental Teasers?

  17. This is . . . BLUE

  18. THIS IS. . . RED

  19. THIS IS. . . YELLOW

  20. THIS IS. . . GREEN

  21. this is . . . WHITE

  22. this is. . . BLACK

  23. this is . . . . BROWN

  24. This is . . . ORANGE

  25. FORMAL & MATERIAL LOGIC: DISTINGUISHED Trustworthiness Truth, and Certainty Material LOGIC • of the statements involved in thinking.

  26. FOR INSTANCE: Every cat is an animal; Every tiger is an animal; Therefore, every tiger is cat.

  27. BUT. . . Every cat is an animal; Every carabao is an animal; Therefore, every carabao is cat.

  28. Material Argument can then be: • CORRECT • WRONG

  29. LOGICALLY WRONG • The carabao is flying. • The birds are singing. • Love is blind. • The ship plows the sea.

  30. FORMAL LOGIC Every animal is vertebrate; Every cabbage is animal; Ergo, every cabbage is vertebrate. Note: The argument presupposes that cabbages are animals

  31. thus Formal logic does not concern itself with the things in reality, but only with the structure of the argument.

  32. Formal logic is said to be: • VALID • INVALID

  33. Example: “My son, don’t marry that woman. Her family is of ill-repute. The mother is a prostitute and the father is a drug lord. Will a tree bear fruit not of its own kind?”

  34. ANY COMMENT?

  35. THAT’S ALL FOLKS !!!

  36. EXAM 1

  37. Identify

  38. Which of the ff is logically acceptable? Write A, if acceptable, NA, if otherwise.

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