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CH 4 and CO 2 from space : The SCIAMACHY, GOSAT and Precursor S5 missions

CH 4 and CO 2 from space : The SCIAMACHY, GOSAT and Precursor S5 missions Guerlet, Schepers, Galli, Butz 1 , Frankenberg 2 , Hasekamp, Landgraf, Houweling, Ilse Aben SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands

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CH 4 and CO 2 from space : The SCIAMACHY, GOSAT and Precursor S5 missions

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  1. CH4 and CO2 from space : The SCIAMACHY, GOSAT and Precursor S5 missions Guerlet, Schepers, Galli, Butz1, Frankenberg2, Hasekamp, Landgraf, Houweling, Ilse Aben SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands 1Institute for Meteorology and Climate research, Karlsruhe Institute Technology, Germany 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA

  2. Global surface network high accuracy, but limited in coverage (e.g. Tropics) to accurately quantify contribution of natural and anthropogenic emissions. Satellite observations are complementary. Less accurate but with global coverage But requirements very demanding (sub) % level

  3. TIR Blackbody curves, solar vs. earth radiationSWIR vs TIR measurements (passive) SWIR

  4. Blackbody curves, solar vs. earth radiation

  5. SWIR CH4 (and CO2) missions : SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT 2002 – 2013/2014 CH4 (and CO2) and many other species GOSAT 2009 - … CH4 and CO2 TROPOMI on Precursor Sentinel-5 2014 – 2021, Sentinel-5 2020 - … CH4and many other species OCO Only CO2, 2013

  6. http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/02/20090209_ibuki_e.html#at1 6 6

  7. http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/02/20090209_ibuki_e.html#at1 GOSAT (CO2, CH4) 7 7

  8. http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/02/20090209_ibuki_e.html#at1 GOSAT (CO2, CH4) SCIAMACHY (CH4) 8 8

  9. http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/02/20090209_ibuki_e.html#at1 SCIAMACHY (CH4) 9 9

  10. http://www.jaxa.jp/press/2009/02/20090209_ibuki_e.html#at1 TROPOMI CH4 and CO (and H2O) 10 10

  11. One of the most critical issues is scattering by aerosols and cirrus (cloud-free observations)

  12. SCIAMACHY CO2 370 ppm 390 ppm Sahara Sciamachy CO2 TOMS AI July: October: Houweling et al., ACP (2005)

  13. RemoteC algorithms Frankenberg et al., Science 2005 , heritage Sciamachy SCIAMACHY, GOSAT(1.6 mm) GOSAT (0.75,1.6 ,2,2.1 mm) , TROPOMI (0.75 & 2.3 mm) Neither method is perfect, methods can be tested using GOSAT

  14. 2003-2008 SCIAMACHY average Frankenberg, Science 2005

  15. Time-series over the Sahara Increase in methane observed as of 2007 Frankenberg, JGR 2011

  16. GOSAT : 1st dedicated GHG mission (2009 - …) Multi-band high spectral resolution FTIR Circular FOV, 10 km Cloud Aerosol Imager High spatial resolution 500 meter

  17. Validation columns CH4 and CO2 GOSAT : Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) Ground-based network of FTIR spectrometers set up for the validation of satellite based CO2 (and CH4, N2O, HF ,CO, H2O and HDO) column measurements. We used 12 stations for validation of our GOSAT CH4 and CO2 columns

  18. CO2 Processed ~ 1,5 years station-to-station bias variability : ~0.23% (stdv) Scatter ~ 1% Butz, GRL 2011

  19. CH4 station-to-station bias variability : ~0.23% (stdv) Scatter ~ 1% Proxy and Full-Physics show very similar TCCON comparison Butz, GRL 2011

  20. Number of important corrections applied : • Ad-hoc additive offset correction to correct for non-linearity • O2 scaling to correct for probably spectroscopy issues • Apply cirrus filter

  21. Global data set ~ 1.5 years

  22. GOSAT XCH4proxyvsfullphysics: fromthecomparisonwith TCCON, the 2 dataproductshavesimilarquality. Comparisonofthe global mapsoveroneyear : Sahara shows the greater difference: overestimation from full physics, due to high albedo + aerosol load? Remark: those are seasonal biases

  23. CH4Proxy versus full physics method : Sahara • TM5-NOAA always lower • Difference between proxy and full physics GOSAT • in spring-summer. Proxy lower. • Spring-summer dust storm periods  overestimation • by full physics due to high aerosol load and high albedo Schepers, 2011

  24. India CH4/CO2 CO2 Carbon Tracker CO2 full physics Carbon Tracker not perfect, effect visible in proxy CH4

  25. SATELLITE PAYLOAD CONTRIBUTION TO GMES SERVICES • TROPOMI: UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR push-broom grating spectrometer. • Spectral range: 270-500 nm, 675-775 nm, 2305-2385 nm • Spectral Resolution: 0.25-1.1 nm • Observation Mode: Nadir, global daily coverage, ground pixel 7x7km2 at nadir • Orbit: Sun synchronous, 824 km, 13:30 hr dayside equator crossing time. • O3: total and tropospheric column, profile • NO2: tropospheric and total column • CO: total column • SO2: total column • CH4: total column • Aerosol: absorbing index, type, optical depth • CH2O: tropopsheric column • H2O: total column • BrO: total column sentinel-5 precursor GMES ATMOSPHERE MISSION IN POLAR ORBIT • The ESA Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) is a pre-operational mission focussing on global observations of the atmospheric composition for air quality and climate. • The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is the payload of the S-5P mission and is jointly developed by The Netherlands and ESA. • The planned launch date for S-5P is 2014 with a 7 year design lifetime.

  26. CH4 TROPOMI simulations cirrus/aerosol error : TROPOMI is able to correct – to large extent- for lightpath modification due to cirrus/aerosols, in fact similarly to GOSAT. Other wavelength band, and lower spectral resolution. Butz, Rem.Sens.Environ. 2011

  27. ESA Climate Change Initiative : Provide consistent long term data on ECVs from space Essential Climate Variable (ECV) Greenhouse Gases (GHG), CO2 & CH4 Project lead : Michael Buchwitz, Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany

  28. GHG-CCI Project Overview • Goal: To deliver global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 information needed for a better understanding of regional GHG surface fluxes (sources & sinks) • Core products: Column-averaged near-surface-sensitive CO2 and CH4, i.e., XCO2 and XCH4, from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT & TANSO-FTS/GOSAT; generated with ECV Core Algorithms (ECAs); several ECAs per product in competition; the best algorithm for a given product will be selected after 2 year Round Robin phase with several algorithm-improvement – processing – analysis cycles • Additional constraints products: CO2 and CH4 profiles and partial columns from AIRS, IASI, ACE-FTS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY solar occultation; generated with Additional Constraints Algorithms (ACAs) • ECV generation: In year 3 using selected best algorithm(s) (+ intermediate products if available) • Activities: User requirements definition, algorithm improvements, data processing and analysis, calibration improvements, validation, ... • Linked to and complementary with European GMES Global Atmospheric Core Service (MACC & follow-ons)

  29. summary : • SCIAMACHYalreadyprovidessince 2003 important 1st global view on • CH4 columns fromspace. Used in globalemissioninversions. • GOSAT 1stdedicatedgreenhouse gas mission nowproviding • its 1stresultsfor CH4and CO2. • Validationwith TCCON stations shows verypromisingresults : • Station-to-station bias variability ~a few tens of a percent, scatter <1% • Global data processing on-going, ready for source/sinkinversions. • GOSAT data is ideallysuitedto test different retrieval approaches • TROPOMI Precursor Sentinel 5 will continue SCIAMACHY and GOSAT • CH4 series as of ~2015, followedbySentinel 5 from 2020 onwards • Space basedobservations of CH4and CO2 look verypromising !!!

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