1 / 19

Quantum Theory and Electron Configurations

Quantum Theory and Electron Configurations. Quantum Theory. In 1926, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger used the idea that electrons have a dual wave/particle nature and created an equation using electrons as waves … with Heisenberg…

josef
Download Presentation

Quantum Theory and Electron Configurations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Quantum Theory and Electron Configurations

  2. Quantum Theory • In 1926, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger used the idea that electrons have a dual wave/particle nature and created an equation using electrons as waves… with Heisenberg… • and developed the foundation for the modern quantum theory: • We can only know the probability of finding an electron, not it’s exact location.

  3. The Quantum Model of the Atom • There are four quantum numbers that describe the posititon of an electron in an atom.

  4. Quantum Numbers • Each electron in an atom has a set of four unique quantum numbers. • Principal Quantum Number (n) • Angular Momentum Quantum Number (sublevel) (l) • Magnetic Quantum Number (orbital) (m) • Spin Quantum Number (s)

  5. Principal Quantum Number • Indicates the main energy levels occupied by the electron. The number of electrons that can fit in a shell is: 2n2

  6. Angular Momentum Quantum Number • The angular momentum quantum number indicates the shape of the orbital.

  7. Magnetic Quantum Number • Magnetic Quantum number indicates the orientation of the orbital around the nucleus. s-orbital

  8. Spin Quantum Number • Spin Quantum Number indicates the direction of spin.

  9. Electron Configurations There are three rules explaining how electrons are arranged outside of the nucleus: • Aufbau Principle • Pauli Exclusion Principle • Hund’s Rule

  10. Aufbau Principle • Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital that can receive it.

  11. Wolfgang Pauli • Pauli Exclusion Principal – no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers.

  12. Hund’s Rule • All orbitals of equal energy are occupied by one electron before any electrons can pair up…

  13. Valence Electrons • Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied energy level…. • Example: Lithium: 1s22s1 Level two is the highest occupied energy level… there is one valence electron • Example: Chlorine: 1s22s22p63s23p5 Level three is the highest occupied energy level. Chlorine has 7 valence electrons • Example: Selenium: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p4 Level four is the highest level. Selenium has 6 valence electrons.

  14. S P D F

  15. Orbital Notation

  16. Electron Configuration Notation

  17. Noble Gas Notation

More Related