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The Italian Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance. Quick Vocab Review . Renaissance: means “rebirth” Bringing back the classical world of the Greeks and Romans. Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance. Italy is made up of city-states

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The Italian Renaissance

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  1. The Italian Renaissance

  2. Quick Vocab Review • Renaissance: means “rebirth” • Bringing back the classical world of the Greeks and Romans

  3. Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance • Italy is made up of city-states • These city-states were the center of the Italian political, economic, and social worlds • These city-states are secular • Many Italians began to enjoy day-to-day activities and the benefits of strong trade and industry

  4. Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance • Europe is recovering from disasters of the 14th century • Who can think of some of them? • Recovery and rebirth go hand in hand • Italian thinkers going back to their Roman past • Once again interested in the culture that dominated the ancient Mediterranean world • Started seeing humans in new ways • Affected politics and art

  5. Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance • New Emphasis on the individual and their abilities • New social ideal: well-rounded personality, or universal person • The “Renaissance Man” – able to achieve things in many different areas of life I’m DaVinci… I am the ULTIMATE Renaissance Man. I was skilled as a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician… WINNING!

  6. The Italian States • What is a city-state? • Independent governments that are not unified or part of a single entity • During the Renaissance, Italy did not form a centralized government

  7. Who were the powerhouses? • Milan: Duomo Square • Venice • Florence

  8. Why was it that the Italian cities prospered? • Benefited from trade on the Mediterranean as well as northern Europe • Profited from the crusades—set up new trading centers in eastern ports

  9. Milan • Location is Key: • On the crossroads of trade routes from Italian coastal cities to the Alpine • Ruled by Visconti and Sforza families • Created a strong central government • Efficient tax system brought great revenues

  10. Venice • Rich from trading in eastern Mediterranean and northern Europe • Ran by merchant-aristocrats • Wealth gave the city international power

  11. Florence • Led several successful military campaigns to gain land and influence • Controlled by the Medici family • They used power and wealth to control the city through appointing favorites and supporters

  12. The Problem with being a “little guy” • France and Spain made Italy their battle ground • The Italian city-states weren’t powerful enough to protect themselves from the French so they appealed to the Spanish for help • Spanish leaders couldn’t pay their troops so they said the soldiers could sack Rome • Sack of Rome 1527—end of Renaissance • Women raped, church officials sold as slaves, churches and palaces robbed

  13. Machiavelli • Diplomat in Florence, forced to exile • Wrote “The Prince” • His views had a profound influence on later political leaders

  14. Social Classes of the Renaissance • Three classes (or ‘estates’) • Clergy (those who prayed) • Nobles (those who fought) • Peasants/Townspeople (those who worked)

  15. Nobility • Only 2-3% of the population • Held important political posts and advised the king • The Book of Courtier— Castiglione (1528) • Nobles are born, not made; should have character, grace, and talent • Perfect noble must take part in military and have a classical education • Standards of conduct • Goal is to serve prince effectively and honestly

  16. Peasants and Townspeople • Made up 85-90% of the population • Serfdom and manorialism in decline • Townspeople 12% population • Artisans and merchants (middle-class) • Patricians were at the top of society, ruling society, politics, and the economics of their city-state • Burghers—shopkeepers, artisans, guild members • The destitute—poor and unemployed • Poverty in the cities was on the rise

  17. Family Structures • Parents carefully arranged marriages to strengthen family and business ties • Dowry: sum of $ paid by wife’s family to husband • Patriarchal society • This means that ____________ are in charge… • Father-husband managed all finances, made decisions regarding children • Children did not become adults until they were legally freed by father in court • Mother supervised the household

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