Unit 5: The Political Geography of Space

1. Unit 5: The Political Geography of Space

3. Important Vocabulary Balkanization Binational or Multinational State Boundary Centripetal Force Centrifugal Force Colonies Command Economy Compact States Confederal System Consequent Boundaries Core Area Core-Periphery Cultural Boundary Democratization Devolution The Four Boundary Disputes Economic Force Electoral Geography Elongated States Enclaves, Exclaves Ethnic Force Ethnonationalism European Union Federal System Fragmentation Fragmented States Frontiers Geometric Boundaries Gerrymandering Geopolitics Imperialism Institutions Integration Internal Boundaries Irredentism Landlocked States Market Economy Marketization Microstates Minority/Majority Districting Mixed Economy Multicore State Nation/Nation-State/State Perforated States Physical Boundary Political Geography Politicization of Religion Politics Primate City Privatization Security Council Separatist Movement Shatter Belts Sovereignty Spatial Force Stateless Nation States Supranational Organization Territoriality Unitary state

4. Important Models and Theories Nicholas Spykman’sRimland Theory Friedrich Ratzel’s Heartland Theory Wallerstein’s World System Theory

5. Guiding Unit Questions • How is space politically organized into states and nations? • How do states spatially organize their governments? • How are boundaries established, and why do boundary disputes occur? • How do geopolitics and critical geopolitics help us understand the world? • What are supranational organizations and what is the future of the state?

6. Part 1: Political Organizations of Space

7. A: States, Nations, Nation-States

8. What is Political Geography?

9. Political Geography is the study of the political organization of the world.

11. The State

13. Territory • State • Sovereignty

14. What is sovereignty?

15. Sovereignty means that a state is independent from control of its internal affairs by other states.

16. Are the US States actual states? Because the US States do not have sovereignty, they are not considered states but districts.

17. The Nation

21. How has globalization affected the concept of ‘nation’?

24. Different Types of Nations and States

26. B: Territoriality

27. What is territoriality?

28. Territoriality is the efforts to control pieces of the earth’s surface for political and social ends.

29. Territory is the most basic form of power.

30. To understand territoriality you have to understand politics of space.

31. Sack’s Theory • Human territoriality is different than animal territoriality. • HT takes on different forms depending on the social and geographic context.

32. For Example: How does a democratic system assign territory as compared to a monarchy?

33. C: Boundaries

34. What are boundaries?

35. Boundaries are invisible lines that mark the extent of a state’s territory and control its leaders have.

36. Before boundaries, there were frontiers.

37. A frontier is a geographic zone where no state exercises power. It is a neutral zone of power.

38. Types of Boundaries

40. Shapes of Boundaries

41. What is territorial morphology?

42. Territorial Morphology is a term that describes the shape, size, and relative location of states.

43. Compact State The distance from the center to any boundary is about the same. Promotes good communication.

44. Prorupted State A compact state with a large projecting extension. Exists to reach a natural resource.

45. Perforated State A perforated state completely surrounds another. To get to the other state you have to go through the other. Problems arise if there are issues between the two states.

46. Elongated State A long state.

47. Fragmented State A state that is separated by a physical or human barrier. Communication is difficult.

48. Enclave State A state completely surrounded by another state. Does not have a political affinity for the surrounding state.

49. Exclave State A part of a state almost completely separated from the rest of the country.

50. Size of States: A microstate (Andorra, Liechtenstein, San Morino) may only be a few square miles. The size of the state does not necessarily suggest power.