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Water

Water. Chapter 11. Section One. Water Resources. Water. Do you know where the water that you: Drink Shower In Wash your dishes and clothes in Came From?. Water Cycle. Global Water Distribution. 71% of the Earth is covered by water 97% of the water covering Earth is salt water

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Water

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  1. Water Chapter 11

  2. Section One • Water Resources

  3. Water • Do you know where the water that you: • Drink • Shower In • Wash your dishes and clothes in • Came From?

  4. Water Cycle

  5. Global Water Distribution • 71% of the Earth is covered by water • 97% of the water covering Earth is salt water • 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh • 77% of fresh water is frozen in the polar caps • That leaves humans only .7% fresh water to use!

  6. Surface Water • Fresh water on Earth’s land surface • Found in: • lakes • rivers • streams • wetlands

  7. River Systems • A flowing network of water consisting of streams and rivers as they move across the land • The Amazon River is the largest

  8. Watersheds • The area of land that is drained by a river • Pollution dumped into a watershed can spread into the river

  9. Pollution • Phosphates in laundry detergent is a form of artificial eutrophication • A Leaking gasoline tank is a point-source pollution

  10. Groundwater • Groundwater is water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formation • Water table - a water level where the rocks and soil are saturated with water

  11. Aquifers • An underground formation that contains groundwater

  12. Porosity/Permeability • Porosity - the amount of space between the particles that makeup a rock • Permeability - The ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through • Materials are permeable or impermeable

  13. The Recharge Zone * Recharge Zone - The area of the Earth’s surface where water percolates down into the aquifer • Recharge Zone needs permeable soil • Parking lots block water • Area above an aquifer

  14. Wells • If you dig a hole anywhere on Earth, you will eventually find water • Wells are drilled below the water table to help when seasons lower water level

  15. Section Two • Water Use and Management

  16. Residential Water Use • Daily Water Use

  17. Water Treatment • Water is treated to make it potable • Potable is safe to drink • Bottled water is potable • Water treatment destroys pathogens • Pathogens are organisms that create illness or disease • Bacteria is a pathogen

  18. 1972 Clean Water Act • Law designed to improve water quality

  19. Industrial Water Use • Accounts for 19% of water use in world • Most of the water is used to cool power-plants

  20. Agricultural Water Use • One ear of corn requires 300 L (80 gallons) • That’s as much as a person in the US uses each day • 67% of the Earth’s water is used for agriculture • A plant only uses 80% of the water it takes in

  21. Irrigation Techniques

  22. Water Management Projects • People like to live in areas where fresh water isn’t adequate • Damns and Water Diversion Canals are used to divert water • These techniques can also bring areas electricity

  23. Hoover Dam

  24. Water Diversion Projects • Rivers have been diverted so much to provide dry areas with water that they are drying up before they can reach the ocean

  25. Dams and Reservoirs • Dam - a structure built across a river to control the river’s flow • Reservoir - An artificial lake created behind a dam • Dams block soils from traveling to the fields below and gets trapped in reservoirs

  26. Water Conservation • In Agriculture • In Industry • At Home

  27. Water Conservation in Agriculture • Water is lost from evaporation, seepage, and runoff • Drip Irrigation helps to stop this

  28. Water Conservation in Industry • Industries are now recycling wastewater instead of using fresh cool water

  29. Water Conservation at Home • Shorter Showers • Turn water off while brushing teeth • Fill sink basin to wash your face or shave • Wash only full laundry loads • Low-flow toilets • Low-flow shower heads

  30. Desalination • The process of removing salt from salt water to obtain fresh water • They heat salt water and obtain fresh water in evaporation

  31. Transporting Water • Almost half of the US water comes from Alaska • What about the 76% water frozen in the ice caps • Should we tow icebergs to areas needing water?

  32. Where does most of the pollutants in the ocean come from? • Activities on Land

  33. The 1990 Oil Pollution Act required that: • Tankers in the U.S. waterways be double hulled by the year 2015

  34. The largest watershed in the United States is the: • Mississippi River

  35. During the water treatment process, what is the purpose of adding chlorine to water? • To kill or limit bacteria growth

  36. How is fresh water used in industry? • In manufacturing process • In the disposal of waste products • To generate power

  37. Many areas of the world that do not have adequate fresh water have become habitable because: • Water management projects have diverted water to the area

  38. Fresh water is a limited resource because • Most surface water contains salt

  39. Which of the following is one way a person can conserve water? • Use a low-flow shower head to take short showers

  40. Which of the following is a source of nonpoint-pollution? • Runoff from agriculture feedlots

  41. Parasitic worms would be classified as which type of water pollution? • Pathogen

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