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Essential Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants: Identification and Treatment Guide

Learn to identify and treat nutrient deficiencies in plants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, and more. Detailed symptoms and solutions provided for each deficiency.

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Essential Nutrient Deficiencies in Plants: Identification and Treatment Guide

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  1. Nutrient Deficiencies The definitive guide

  2. Macro nutrients • Water (also a source of hydrogen ions) • Carbon - air • Oxygen - air • Nitrogen - air • Phosphorus - soil • Potassium - soil • Calcium - soil • Magnesium - soil • Sulphur – soil and air

  3. Nutrient removalWheat and barley grain, Queensland 1988 (tonnes)

  4. Nitrogen deficiency • Light green to yellow appearance esp in older leaves • Stunted growth • Poor fruit development

  5. Phosphorus deficiency • Purple colouration • Stunted plant growth and delayed development • P deficiency in brassicas and lupins (Source WA Dept of Agriculture)

  6. Potassium deficiency • Older leaves turn yellow initially around the margins • Potassium deficient brassicas and lucerne. (Top photo WA Dept of Agriculture)

  7. Calcium deficiency • Blossom end rot of tomatoes • Reduced growth or death of growing tips • Photo one www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/nelsons/Misc/ • Photo two W A Dept of Agriculture

  8. Magnesium deficiency • Initial yellowing of old leaves between veins eg tomatoes and citrus • Spreads to younger leaves • Poor fruit development • Photo one Cornell University • Photo two SBS Vasilis garden

  9. Sulphur deficiency • Initial yellowing of young growth spreading to whole plant • Similar to nitrogen deficiency but affects young leaves first • eg beans http://www.roots.psu.edu

  10. Micro nutrients • Iron • Copper • Manganese • Zinc • Boron • Molybdenum • Chlorine

  11. Iron deficiency • Yellow or white patches between veins similar to magnesium deficiency but mainly on alkaline soils or potting mixes • Spots of dead leaf tissue • Photo 1 pin oak • Photo 2 citrus www.bexar-tx.tamu.edu www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/ hortnews/files/images

  12. Copper deficiency • Sandy soils or high organic matter soils • Light chlorosis • Permanent loss of turgor in the young leaves. • Young leaves may become dark green and twisted or misshapen • Steely wool in sheep • Photo 1 www.progressivegardens.com • Photo 2 www.marc.asci.ncsu.edu

  13. Manganese toxicity • Deficiency rare on Australian soils • Toxicity more common on acid soils • Older leaves with brown spots surrounded by chlorotic zone. • Eg Oranges • www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

  14. Zinc deficiency • Chlorosis between the veins • Eg citrus & sorghum • Occurs in alkaline or low organic matter soils • May occur when soil phosphorus levels are high • Photo 1 www.actagro.com • Photo 2 www.icrisat.org

  15. Molybdenum • Common in low pH soils • Whip tail and leaf distortion in brassicas • May express as nitrogen deficiency • Stunted growth of legumes

  16. Boron deficiency • Hollow heart in brassicas • Death of growing tips in radiata pine • Photo 1 www.umassvegetable.org

  17. Chlorine (salt) toxicity • Yellowing and light brown burn of leaf tip • Burn extends back from tip and moves along leaf margins • There is a variable degree of yellowing ahead of the burnt tissue • Photos 1-3 www.dpi.nsw.gov.au

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