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The Future of the Electromagnetic Spectrum in Aerospace Testing

The Future of the Electromagnetic Spectrum in Aerospace Testing. Darrell Ernst 10 February 2009. Presented at Aero India 2009 NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bangalore. Agenda. Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing Responding to the threat The future of the radio spectrum

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The Future of the Electromagnetic Spectrum in Aerospace Testing

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  1. The Future of the Electromagnetic Spectrum in Aerospace Testing Darrell Ernst 10 February 2009 Presented at Aero India 2009 NIMHANS Convention Centre, Bangalore

  2. Agenda • Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing • Responding to the threat • The future of the radio spectrum • Spectrum as a commodity • Summary and conclusions

  3. Agenda • Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing • Responding to the threat • The future of the radio spectrum • Spectrum as a commodity • Summary and conclusions

  4. The Fundamental Test Resources • Land space • Air (and/or Sea) space • People • Instrumentation and Radio Spectrum

  5. Use of the Radio Spectrum • Radar • Telemetry • Time, space & position information (TSPI) • Test command & control • Range safety • Data relay • Radar cross section & radio reflectivity • Weather (rawinsonde)

  6. Demand for Spectrum • Radio spectrum is fully allocated from 3 kHz to 300 GHz • Addition of new radio services means that existing users must share or decrease their usage • Demand for spectrum is direct result of the Information Age

  7. The Exploding Information Age 1800 X 1018 of stored information Bytes Growth of Information 281 X 1018 180 X 1018 5 All printed matter 2006 2007 2011 NOTE: 1 X 1018 bytes = 1 Exabyte. Total of all printed matter in world = 5 exabytes Source: The Diverse and Exploding Digital Universe , www.idc.com. Study funded by EMC

  8. The Wireless Age is Upon Us • Military • Civil aviation • Medical • Emergency management & response • Commercial sector (banks, petrochemical, transportation) • Consumer services • Cellular • WiMax/4G • Digital audio radio (AsiaStar/WorldSpace) • Concierge • Science • Radio astronomy • Atmospheric research

  9. The Crowded Spectrum The two laws of spectrum physics 1. The greater the data rate, the greater the bandwidth 2,500 bps 2,500 Hertz bandwidth 2,500,000 bps 2,500,000 Hertz bandwidth 2. The higher the frequency, the greater the difficulty 1 Rupee per mile (12,000 miles) 10,000,000 Hertz 1,000 Rupees per mile (300 miles) 10,000,000,000 Hertz

  10. Demand for Telemetry Spectrum

  11. Demand for Telemetry Spectrum

  12. Agenda • Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing • Responding to the threat • The future of the radio spectrum • Spectrum as a commodity • Summary and conclusions

  13. Aerospace Test Organizations Respond • US aerospace organizations establish iNETintegrated Network Enhanced Telemetry • Airbus develops packet telemetry system using commercial OFDM * Technology • International test organizations form ICTSInternational Consortium for Telemetry Spectrum • International collaboration at 2007 WRC* results in more spectrum for telemetry • 59 MHz worldwide, 1.4 GHz in ITU Region II *OFDM=Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing WRC=World Radiocommunication Conference

  14. Lyons Summary WRC Telemetry Item Outcome

  15. Agenda • Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing • Responding to the threat • The future of the radio spectrum • Spectrum as a commodity • Summary and conclusions

  16. The Regulated Radio Spectrum

  17. The Threat Satellite Radio UAV Operations WiFi Services Cellular Services WiMAX Services

  18. More Threats Body Sensor Networks Military Tactical Networks Robotics Network

  19. Agenda • Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing • Responding to the threat • The future of the radio spectrum • Spectrum as a commodity • Summary and conclusions

  20. The Spectrum as a Source of Wealth • Most nations charge a fee for licenses or allocations • Many nations studying ways to increase revenue from spectrum • Spectrum auctions very popular in some nations • Test community may have to learn how to charge range users All costs are passed on to the user!

  21. Costing Strategies for Test Ranges • Amortized Costing • Usage Based Costing • Composite Costing (Amortization + Usage) Fee = Hours used x [($NRE + $O&M)/(available hours)] Fee = Hours used x (X $/Hertz) Fee = Hours used x {(X $/Hertz) + [($NRE + $O&M)/(available hours)]} NRE= Non-Recurring Expenses O&M= Operations and maintenance

  22. Agenda • Use of radio spectrum in aerospace testing • Responding to the threat • The future of the radio spectrum • Spectrum as a commodity • Summary and conclusions

  23. Summary • Demand for radio spectrum will continue to increase • Test usage of spectrum will increase • Threats to access will increase • Access will require multiple strategies • Economics of spectrum will probably lead to fee system

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