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Presenting …. Writing Without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes by Elizabeth Hill Boone (Editor), Walter D. Mignolo (Editor). Paperback: 322 pages Publisher: Duke University Press (March 1994) Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.6 x 0.9 inches.
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Presenting … Writing Without Words: Alternative Literacies in Mesoamerica and the Andes by Elizabeth Hill Boone (Editor), Walter D. Mignolo (Editor) Paperback: 322 pages Publisher: Duke University Press (March 1994) Product Dimensions: 9.3 x 6.6 x 0.9 inches
This book deals with… • The concept of ‘writing without words’ • Literacy among the Pre-Columbian Maya • Aztec Pictorial histories • Reading of Codex Cospi (Reverse reading) • Mixtec writing : Embodied signs, Verbal art • Codices, Maps, Lienzos : As social contracts • Cartographic histories, Nahua identity • Colonial image of the Inca • Signs : “Book” in the new world • Object and Alphabet : Colonial period • Writing and Recorded knowledge in Colonial and Post-colonial situations
The editors’ aim… “…to confront (the) common definition of “writing” and our notions of what constitute writing system, … We have to think more broadly about visual and tactile systems of recording ionformation, to reach a broader definition of writing.” - Elizabeth Boone “… to theorize coevolutionary histories of writing and, second to move toward a pluritopical interpretation of the history of writing in colonial situations when alphabetic literacy coalesced with non-Western writing systems.” - Walter Mignolo
Orality and Literacy Vedas Homer Plato West-African storytelling tradition East-Indian storytelling tradition To paint, make designs, write Mixtec term for “Books” TACU To hear, to listen
Pictographic traditions So Chikkan : Chinese script on bamboo Egyptian hieroglyphic
Table showing periods, cultures and city states of Mesoamerica
Introduction Mesopotamia (Iraq) & Egypt Olmec & early Mayas Sumerians (Iraq) Elam (Iran) & Greece Aryans (Indus Valley) Aryans (Vedas) Chinese Syrians AD
Aztec records without words PARTICIPANT who? EVENT what? LOCATION where? TIME when? From Codex Boturini
from Codex Boturini PARTICIPANT who? EVENT what? LOCATION where? TIME when?
from Codex Boturini (Karl says…) PARTICIPANT who? EVENT what? LOCATION where? TIME when? courtesy : http://www.thing.net/~grist/ld/bot/boturini.htm
Other codices Codex Mexicanus Codex Selden : marriage scene Codex Xolotl • Cartographic History • Migration History • Year-count Annals • Political senario, etc. Inca writing : ?
Quipu Each cluster of knots is a digit, and there are three types of knots: simple overhand knots; long knots made up of two or more turns; and figure-of-eight knots. A number is represented as a sequence of knot clusters in base 10. Powers of ten are shown by position along the string, and this position is aligned between successive strands. Digits in positions for 10 and higher powers are represented by clusters of simple knots (e.g. 40 is four simple knots in a row in the "tens" position). Digits in the "ones" position are represented by long knots (e.g. 4 is a knot with 4 turns). Because of the way the knots are tied, the digit 1 cannot be shown this way and is represented in this position by a figure-of-eight knot. Zero is represented by the absence of a knot in the appropriate position. Because the ones digit is shown in a distinctive way, it is clear where a number ends. One strand on a quipu can therefore contain several numbers. For example, if 4s represents four simple knots, 3L represents a long knot with three turns, E represents a figure-of-eight knot and X represents a space: The number 731 would be represented by 7s, 3s, E The number 804 would be represented by 8s, X, 4L The number 107 followed by the number 51 would be represented by 1s, X, 7L, 5s, E ancient Peruvian sailing reed boats
The Conquest The Conquest of Peru Francisco Pizarro's route of exploration during the conquest of Peru (1531-1533)
Colonial Interventions Commissioned by the Spanish Viceroy of Peru? Spanish Missionary
Amoxtli … vuh… Codice Borbonico Codice Tudela
Glimpses of Mignolo’s topics… • Writing without Pens • Social Roles of Writing • Wisdom Signified with Signs • The Connection : Human Writing and writing of God • Book is not necessarily a book • Book : The Carrier of Knowledge • The White Man’s Burden
Reference : • Boone, E. H. & Mignolo, W (Eds.), Writingwithoutwords: Alternative • literacies in Mesoamerica and the AndesDurham, NC: • Duke University Press, 1994 • Martí, Beatriz. “Maya Codices”, Maya Discovery, www.mayadiscovery.com/ing/history/codices.htm November, 2006. • “Quipu”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quipu End of Slide-show